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CelebritySignatures: scaffold + verified Declaration of Independence set (56 signers, all PD) + WDQS celebrity engine
0829e6e947d6f167dbad179d898723ef2e2da225 · 2026-06-18 09:36:10 -0700 · Steve
Files touched
A .gitignoreA README.mdA SOURCES.mdA data/celebrity_signatures.csvA data/celebrity_signatures.jsonA data/declaration.jsonA scripts/fetch-declaration.mjsA scripts/fetch-wikidata.mjs
Diff
commit 0829e6e947d6f167dbad179d898723ef2e2da225
Author: Steve <steve@designerwallcoverings.com>
Date: Thu Jun 18 09:36:10 2026 -0700
CelebritySignatures: scaffold + verified Declaration of Independence set (56 signers, all PD) + WDQS celebrity engine
---
.gitignore | 8 +
README.md | 50 ++
SOURCES.md | 119 +++++
data/celebrity_signatures.csv | 1 +
data/celebrity_signatures.json | 1 +
data/declaration.json | 1010 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
scripts/fetch-declaration.mjs | 116 +++++
scripts/fetch-wikidata.mjs | 275 +++++++++++
8 files changed, 1580 insertions(+)
diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
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+node_modules/
+.env*
+tmp/
+*.log
+.DS_Store
+dist/
+build/
+.next/
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
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+# CelebritySignatures
+
+A research dataset of **authentic celebrity signatures** with full source provenance
+and legal-risk scoring. Hard rule: **never invent a signature** — every row traces to
+a real, fetchable image file with a known license.
+
+See **[SOURCES.md](./SOURCES.md)** for the full source strategy and legal-risk model.
+
+## Categories (target 100 each)
+Sports · Politics · Movies · TV · Hollywood (classic/iconic)
+**+ a dedicated Declaration of Independence set** (56 signers — the safest possible
+bucket: all deceased since the founding era, all public domain).
+
+## How "do not invent" is enforced
+Spine = **Wikidata property `P109` ("signature")**, which links a real person to a
+real signature **file on Wikimedia Commons**. We never ask an LLM to "find a URL."
+We query for people who *already have* a verified signature file, then pull each
+file's license from the Commons API and HTTP-verify the image resolves.
+
+## Scripts
+| Script | What it does | Endpoint | Status |
+|---|---|---|---|
+| `scripts/fetch-declaration.mjs` | All 56 Declaration of Independence signers | MediaWiki / Commons / Wikidata-entity | ✅ works anytime |
+| `scripts/fetch-wikidata.mjs [cat\|all]` | The 5 celebrity categories, ranked by notability | Wikidata SPARQL (WDQS) | ⏳ runs when WDQS is up (has 1-req/min outage backoff) |
+
+```bash
+node scripts/fetch-declaration.mjs # → data/declaration.json (56 rows)
+node scripts/fetch-wikidata.mjs all # → data/celebrity_signatures.{json,csv}
+```
+
+## Schema (per row)
+`category, rank, full_name, wikidata, reason_for_ranking, ranking_source_urls,
+signature_image_url, signature_source_type, image_license, image_author, deceased,
+death_date, risk_level, usable_in_commercial_collage, notes, backup_source`
+
+## Risk model (encoded per row)
+- `risk_level`: low / medium / high — `max(license_risk, publicity_risk)`
+- `usable_in_commercial_collage`: **yes** (deceased + PD/CC) · **permission-needed**
+ (living person → right-of-publicity exposure) · **review**
+- Build order: **Politics + historical/deceased first**, then Sports/Movies/TV only
+ where Commons/official-archive licensing is explicit. Living celebrities are
+ auto-flagged `permission-needed`.
+
+## Collage rules ("keep us out of trouble")
+- No single signature rendered larger or more prominent than another (uniform sizing).
+- Only `usable_in_commercial_collage == yes` rows go into any commercial composite.
+- `permission-needed` rows are research/reference only until rights are cleared.
+
+## Cost
+$0 — Wikidata, Wikimedia Commons, and MediaWiki APIs are all free/public.
diff --git a/SOURCES.md b/SOURCES.md
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+++ b/SOURCES.md
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+# CelebritySignatures — Source & Risk Strategy
+
+Goal: a research dataset of **500 authentic celebrity signatures** (5 categories ×
+100). Hard rule: **never invent a signature.** Every row must trace to a real,
+fetchable image file with a known license. "Keep us out of trouble" is the design
+constraint, not an afterthought.
+
+---
+
+## 1. The core problem: a signature has TWO separate legal layers
+
+A celebrity signature is not automatically free to reuse. There are two stacked
+rights, and you must clear **both**:
+
+| Layer | What it covers | Typical status |
+|---|---|---|
+| **(a) Copyright in the signature itself** | The handwriting as a "work" | In the US, a plain signature usually lacks the originality for copyright → effectively **public domain** (Commons tags these `PD-signature`). Highly stylized logo-signatures *can* be protected. |
+| **(b) Copyright in the scan/photo** | The specific image, scan, or photograph of the signature | This is its **own** copyright held by the scanner/photographer/auction house. A PD signature photographed by Getty is still a Getty-controlled *image*. |
+| **(c) Right of publicity / personality** | Commercial use of a *living* person's identity/name | **Not copyright.** Varies by state (California Civil Code §3344, NY Civil Rights Law §50/51). Using a living celebrity's signature to sell product can imply endorsement → real exposure. Generally **extinguishes or weakens after death** (CA gives 70 yrs post-mortem publicity, but for a *collage/editorial* the bar is far lower than product endorsement). |
+| **(d) Trademark** | Signatures registered as marks (e.g., athlete brand logos) | Some signatures are registered trademarks. Avoid those for commercial use. |
+
+**Takeaway:** the safe set = layer (a) is PD-signature **AND** layer (b) source is
+openly licensed **AND** layer (c) is low (deceased / editorial use). That is why
+your instinct — **politics + historical/deceased first** — is correct: those rows
+clear all four layers cleanly.
+
+---
+
+## 2. Source buckets, ranked by safety
+
+### 🟢 TIER 1 — Safe, machine-verifiable, openly licensed (build from these first)
+
+1. **Wikidata property `P109` (signature)** — *the spine of this project.*
+ - Wikidata links a person → a signature **file on Wikimedia Commons**.
+ - Query the public **SPARQL endpoint** (`query.wikidata.org/sparql`) for all
+ humans with `P109` set, filtered by occupation, ranked by notability.
+ - Every result is a **real file** — no hallucination possible.
+2. **Wikimedia Commons** — the file store behind P109.
+ - Most signatures carry `{{PD-signature}}`, `PD-old`, `CC0`, or `CC BY-SA`.
+ - Commons API (`prop=imageinfo&iiprop=extmetadata`) returns `LicenseShortName`,
+ `Artist`, `UsageTerms` per file — we pull this for every row.
+ - Direct image URL: `Special:FilePath/<filename>`. File page: `wiki/File:<name>`.
+3. **Wikipedia infobox `signature=`** — same files as P109, surfaced in articles.
+4. **U.S. federal government primary sources (PD by 17 U.S.C. §105):**
+ - **National Archives (NARA)** catalog.archives.gov — signed treaties, bills, letters.
+ - **Library of Congress** loc.gov — manuscript division, presidential papers.
+ - **Presidential Libraries** (NARA system) — POTUS signatures on official docs.
+ - **Founders Online** (founders.archives.gov) — Washington/Jefferson/Hamilton/etc.
+ - These are **public domain as US Government works** — gold for the Politics bucket.
+5. **GPO / Congressional Record, Federal Register** — official signed instruments.
+
+### 🟡 TIER 2 — Usable with care (attribution and/or editorial-only)
+
+6. **Museum & university manuscript collections** (Morgan Library, Smithsonian Open
+ Access, university special collections). Many now publish **CC0/Open Access**
+ scans — check each item's rights statement.
+7. **Auction house catalogs** (Christie's, Sotheby's, Heritage Auctions, RR Auction,
+ Bonhams) — **reference only.** Great for *confirming a signature is authentic and
+ what it looks like*, but the catalog **photo is copyrighted** by the house. Use to
+ verify, not to reuse the pixels.
+8. **Wikimedia `CC BY` / `CC BY-SA`** signature files — fine to use **with
+ attribution**; SA means derivative collage may need to be share-alike.
+
+### 🔴 TIER 3 — Permission-needed / avoid (flag, never auto-include)
+
+9. **Getty, Shutterstock, Alamy, AP** — licensed stock, full copyright. ❌ for reuse.
+10. **eBay, autograph dealers (PSA/DNA, Beckett, JSA listings), Pinterest, fan
+ sites, random blogs** — unknown provenance + copyrighted photos. ❌ default.
+11. **Any living celebrity's signature on a commercial product/collage** — right of
+ publicity exposure even if the *image* is free. Mark `permission-needed`.
+
+---
+
+## 3. Ranking sources (for "why is this person on the list")
+
+The automated rank uses **Wikidata sitelink count** — the number of language
+Wikipedias that have an article on the person — as a reproducible, neutral
+cross-wiki notability proxy. For human-curated cross-checks, these are the
+authoritative lists to cite per category:
+
+- **Sports:** ESPN top-athletes, Sports Illustrated, BBC Sport, Olympics.com athlete
+ pages, Laureus Awards, sport-specific Halls of Fame.
+- **Politics:** heads of state/government lists, US presidents, Gallup "Most Admired,"
+ Nobel Peace laureates, TIME 100.
+- **Movies:** IMDb STARmeter, Forbes Celebrity 100 / highest-paid actors, Academy
+ Award winners, AFI lists.
+- **TV:** Emmy winners, YouGov popularity, Nielsen-era icons.
+- **Hollywood (classic/iconic):** AFI "100 Years…100 Stars," Hollywood Walk of Fame,
+ Academy honorary awards, deceased Golden-Age legends.
+
+These are recorded as the `ranking_source` guidance; the per-row `rank` is the
+sitelink-sorted position so the dataset is regenerable and audit-able.
+
+---
+
+## 4. Risk model encoded in the dataset
+
+Each row gets a computed `risk_level` (low / medium / high) and
+`usable_in_commercial_collage` (yes / permission-needed / no) from:
+
+```
+license_risk: PD-signature / PD-old / CC0 -> low
+ CC BY / CC BY-SA -> low-medium (attribution/SA)
+ unknown / non-Commons -> high
+publicity_risk: deceased -> low
+ living -> medium (editorial) / high (commercial)
+overall risk = max(license_risk, publicity_risk)
+usable_in_commercial_collage = (deceased AND license in {PD,CC0,CC BY}) ? yes
+ : living ? permission-needed : review
+```
+
+**Build order (agreed):**
+1. **Politics + historical/deceased** — clears all four legal layers. Do first.
+2. **Sports / Movies / TV** — only rows where Commons/official-archive licensing is
+ explicit; living people auto-flagged `permission-needed`.
+3. **Hollywood** — bias to deceased Golden-Age icons (cleanest publicity posture).
+
+No single signature is rendered larger or more prominent than another — uniform
+treatment is enforced at the rendering layer (see README "collage rules").
diff --git a/data/celebrity_signatures.csv b/data/celebrity_signatures.csv
new file mode 100644
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+++ b/data/celebrity_signatures.csv
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+category,rank,full_name,wikidata,reason_for_ranking,ranking_source_urls,signature_image_url,signature_source_type,image_license,image_author,deceased,death_date,risk_level,usable_in_commercial_collage,notes,backup_source
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/celebrity_signatures.json b/data/celebrity_signatures.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0637a08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/celebrity_signatures.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+[]
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/data/declaration.json b/data/declaration.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3df24a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/declaration.json
@@ -0,0 +1,1010 @@
+[
+ {
+ "category": "Declaration of Independence",
+ "rank": 1,
+ "full_name": "Thomas Jefferson",
+ "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11812",
+ "reason_for_ranking": "Signer of the US Declaration of Independence (1776); cross-wiki notability: 222 language Wikipedias",
+ "ranking_source_urls": "https://www.archives.gov/founding-docs/declaration | https://founders.archives.gov/",
+ "signature_image_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0d/Thomas_Jefferson_Signature.svg",
+ "signature_source_type": "Wikimedia Commons (Wikidata P109 signature file)",
+ "image_license": "Public domain",
+ "image_author": "",
+ "deceased": "yes",
+ "death_date": "1826",
+ "risk_level": "low",
+ "usable_in_commercial_collage": "yes",
+ "notes": "Public-domain signature; signer deceased since the founding era — no copyright or publicity-rights exposure",
+ "backup_source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Thomas_Jefferson_Signature.svg"
+ },
+ {
+ "category": "Declaration of Independence",
+ "rank": 2,
+ "full_name": "Benjamin Franklin",
+ "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34969",
+ "reason_for_ranking": "Signer of the US Declaration of Independence (1776); cross-wiki notability: 216 language Wikipedias",
+ "ranking_source_urls": "https://www.archives.gov/founding-docs/declaration | https://founders.archives.gov/",
+ "signature_image_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/49/Benjamin_Franklin_Signature.svg",
+ "signature_source_type": "Wikimedia Commons (Wikidata P109 signature file)",
+ "image_license": "Public domain",
+ "image_author": "",
+ "deceased": "yes",
+ "death_date": "1790",
+ "risk_level": "low",
+ "usable_in_commercial_collage": "yes",
+ "notes": "Public-domain signature; signer deceased since the founding era — no copyright or publicity-rights exposure",
+ "backup_source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Benjamin_Franklin_Signature.svg"
+ },
+ {
+ "category": "Declaration of Independence",
+ "rank": 3,
+ "full_name": "John Adams",
+ "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11806",
+ "reason_for_ranking": "Signer of the US Declaration of Independence (1776); cross-wiki notability: 187 language Wikipedias",
+ "ranking_source_urls": "https://www.archives.gov/founding-docs/declaration | https://founders.archives.gov/",
+ "signature_image_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/John_Adams_Sig_2.svg",
+ "signature_source_type": "Wikimedia Commons (Wikidata P109 signature file)",
+ "image_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
+ "image_author": "",
+ "deceased": "yes",
+ "death_date": "1826",
+ "risk_level": "low",
+ "usable_in_commercial_collage": "yes",
+ "notes": "Public-domain signature; signer deceased since the founding era — no copyright or publicity-rights exposure",
+ "backup_source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Adams_Sig_2.svg"
+ },
+ {
+ "category": "Declaration of Independence",
+ "rank": 4,
+ "full_name": "Samuel Adams",
+ "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212963",
+ "reason_for_ranking": "Signer of the US Declaration of Independence (1776); cross-wiki notability: 65 language Wikipedias",
+ "ranking_source_urls": "https://www.archives.gov/founding-docs/declaration | https://founders.archives.gov/",
+ "signature_image_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/Samuel_Adams_signature.png",
+ "signature_source_type": "Wikimedia Commons (Wikidata P109 signature file)",
+ "image_license": "Public domain",
+ "image_author": "",
+ "deceased": "yes",
+ "death_date": "1803",
+ "risk_level": "low",
+ "usable_in_commercial_collage": "yes",
+ "notes": "Public-domain signature; signer deceased since the founding era — no copyright or publicity-rights exposure",
+ "backup_source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Samuel_Adams_signature.png"
+ },
+ {
+ "category": "Declaration of Independence",
+ "rank": 5,
+ "full_name": "Elbridge Gerry",
+ "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219797",
+ "reason_for_ranking": "Signer of the US Declaration of Independence (1776); cross-wiki notability: 59 language Wikipedias",
+ "ranking_source_urls": "https://www.archives.gov/founding-docs/declaration | https://founders.archives.gov/",
+ "signature_image_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/Elbridge_Gerry_signature.png",
+ "signature_source_type": "Wikimedia Commons (Wikidata P109 signature file)",
+ "image_license": "Public domain",
+ "image_author": "",
+ "deceased": "yes",
+ "death_date": "1814",
+ "risk_level": "low",
+ "usable_in_commercial_collage": "yes",
+ "notes": "Public-domain signature; signer deceased since the founding era — no copyright or publicity-rights exposure",
+ "backup_source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Elbridge_Gerry_signature.png"
+ },
+ {
+ "category": "Declaration of Independence",
+ "rank": 6,
+ "full_name": "John Hancock",
+ "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272774",
+ "reason_for_ranking": "Signer of the US Declaration of Independence (1776); cross-wiki notability: 46 language Wikipedias",
+ "ranking_source_urls": "https://www.archives.gov/founding-docs/declaration | https://founders.archives.gov/",
+ "signature_image_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d5/JohnHancocksSignature.svg",
+ "signature_source_type": "Wikimedia Commons (Wikidata P109 signature file)",
+ "image_license": "Public domain",
+ "image_author": "",
+ "deceased": "yes",
+ "death_date": "1793",
+ "risk_level": "low",
+ "usable_in_commercial_collage": "yes",
+ "notes": "Public-domain signature; signer deceased since the founding era — no copyright or publicity-rights exposure",
+ "backup_source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:JohnHancocksSignature.svg"
+ },
+ {
+ "category": "Declaration of Independence",
+ "rank": 7,
+ "full_name": "Benjamin Rush",
+ "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q656478",
+ "reason_for_ranking": "Signer of the US Declaration of Independence (1776); cross-wiki notability: 40 language Wikipedias",
+ "ranking_source_urls": "https://www.archives.gov/founding-docs/declaration | https://founders.archives.gov/",
+ "signature_image_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/Benjamin_Rush_signature.png",
+ "signature_source_type": "Wikimedia Commons (Wikidata P109 signature file)",
+ "image_license": "Public domain",
+ "image_author": "",
+ "deceased": "yes",
+ "death_date": "1813",
+ "risk_level": "low",
+ "usable_in_commercial_collage": "yes",
+ "notes": "Public-domain signature; signer deceased since the founding era — no copyright or publicity-rights exposure",
+ "backup_source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Benjamin_Rush_signature.png"
+ },
+ {
+ "category": "Declaration of Independence",
+ "rank": 8,
+ "full_name": "Roger Sherman",
+ "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q354721",
+ "reason_for_ranking": "Signer of the US Declaration of Independence (1776); cross-wiki notability: 33 language Wikipedias",
+ "ranking_source_urls": "https://www.archives.gov/founding-docs/declaration | https://founders.archives.gov/",
+ "signature_image_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/Roger_Sherman_signature.png",
+ "signature_source_type": "Wikimedia Commons (Wikidata P109 signature file)",
+ "image_license": "Public domain",
+ "image_author": "",
+ "deceased": "yes",
+ "death_date": "1793",
+ "risk_level": "low",
+ "usable_in_commercial_collage": "yes",
+ "notes": "Public-domain signature; signer deceased since the founding era — no copyright or publicity-rights exposure",
+ "backup_source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Roger_Sherman_signature.png"
+ },
+ {
+ "category": "Declaration of Independence",
+ "rank": 9,
+ "full_name": "Richard Henry Lee",
+ "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q725907",
+ "reason_for_ranking": "Signer of the US Declaration of Independence (1776); cross-wiki notability: 29 language Wikipedias",
+ "ranking_source_urls": "https://www.archives.gov/founding-docs/declaration | https://founders.archives.gov/",
+ "signature_image_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/92/Richard_Henry_Lee_Signature2.svg",
+ "signature_source_type": "Wikimedia Commons (Wikidata P109 signature file)",
+ "image_license": "Public domain",
+ "image_author": "",
+ "deceased": "yes",
+ "death_date": "1794",
+ "risk_level": "low",
+ "usable_in_commercial_collage": "yes",
+ "notes": "Public-domain signature; signer deceased since the founding era — no copyright or publicity-rights exposure",
+ "backup_source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Richard_Henry_Lee_Signature2.svg"
+ },
+ {
+ "category": "Declaration of Independence",
+ "rank": 10,
+ "full_name": "Robert Morris",
+ "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q464876",
+ "reason_for_ranking": "Signer of the US Declaration of Independence (1776); cross-wiki notability: 29 language Wikipedias",
+ "ranking_source_urls": "https://www.archives.gov/founding-docs/declaration | https://founders.archives.gov/",
+ "signature_image_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/Robert_Morris_signature.png",
+ "signature_source_type": "Wikimedia Commons (Wikidata P109 signature file)",
+ "image_license": "Public domain",
+ "image_author": "",
+ "deceased": "yes",
+ "death_date": "1806",
+ "risk_level": "low",
+ "usable_in_commercial_collage": "yes",
+ "notes": "Public-domain signature; signer deceased since the founding era — no copyright or publicity-rights exposure",
+ "backup_source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Robert_Morris_signature.png"
+ },
+ {
+ "category": "Declaration of Independence",
+ "rank": 11,
+ "full_name": "Charles Carroll of Carrollton",
+ "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466009",
+ "reason_for_ranking": "Signer of the US Declaration of Independence (1776); cross-wiki notability: 29 language Wikipedias",
+ "ranking_source_urls": "https://www.archives.gov/founding-docs/declaration | https://founders.archives.gov/",
+ "signature_image_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/79/Charles_Carroll_signature.png",
+ "signature_source_type": "Wikimedia Commons (Wikidata P109 signature file)",
+ "image_license": "Public domain",
+ "image_author": "",
+ "deceased": "yes",
+ "death_date": "1832",
+ "risk_level": "low",
+ "usable_in_commercial_collage": "yes",
+ "notes": "Public-domain signature; signer deceased since the founding era — no copyright or publicity-rights exposure",
+ "backup_source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Charles_Carroll_signature.png"
+ },
+ {
+ "category": "Declaration of Independence",
+ "rank": 12,
+ "full_name": "James Wilson",
+ "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q365181",
+ "reason_for_ranking": "Signer of the US Declaration of Independence (1776); cross-wiki notability: 27 language Wikipedias",
+ "ranking_source_urls": "https://www.archives.gov/founding-docs/declaration | https://founders.archives.gov/",
+ "signature_image_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/James_Wilson%2C_Founding_Father_%28signature%29.png",
+ "signature_source_type": "Wikimedia Commons (Wikidata P109 signature file)",
+ "image_license": "Public domain",
+ "image_author": "",
+ "deceased": "yes",
+ "death_date": "1798",
+ "risk_level": "low",
+ "usable_in_commercial_collage": "yes",
+ "notes": "Public-domain signature; signer deceased since the founding era — no copyright or publicity-rights exposure",
+ "backup_source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:James_Wilson,_Founding_Father_(signature).png"
+ },
+ {
+ "category": "Declaration of Independence",
+ "rank": 13,
+ "full_name": "Josiah Bartlett",
+ "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q710057",
+ "reason_for_ranking": "Signer of the US Declaration of Independence (1776); cross-wiki notability: 25 language Wikipedias",
+ "ranking_source_urls": "https://www.archives.gov/founding-docs/declaration | https://founders.archives.gov/",
+ "signature_image_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/Josiah_Bartlett_Signature.svg",
+ "signature_source_type": "Wikimedia Commons (Wikidata P109 signature file)",
+ "image_license": "Public domain",
+ "image_author": "",
+ "deceased": "yes",
+ "death_date": "1795",
+ "risk_level": "low",
+ "usable_in_commercial_collage": "yes",
+ "notes": "Public-domain signature; signer deceased since the founding era — no copyright or publicity-rights exposure",
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+ "rank": 38,
+ "full_name": "Lyman Hall",
+ "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q590856",
+ "reason_for_ranking": "Signer of the US Declaration of Independence (1776); cross-wiki notability: 16 language Wikipedias",
+ "ranking_source_urls": "https://www.archives.gov/founding-docs/declaration | https://founders.archives.gov/",
+ "signature_image_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/95/Lyman_Hall_signature.png",
+ "signature_source_type": "Wikimedia Commons (Wikidata P109 signature file)",
+ "image_license": "Public domain",
+ "image_author": "",
+ "deceased": "yes",
+ "death_date": "1790",
+ "risk_level": "low",
+ "usable_in_commercial_collage": "yes",
+ "notes": "Public-domain signature; signer deceased since the founding era — no copyright or publicity-rights exposure",
+ "backup_source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lyman_Hall_signature.png"
+ },
+ {
+ "category": "Declaration of Independence",
+ "rank": 39,
+ "full_name": "William Hooper",
+ "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1345669",
+ "reason_for_ranking": "Signer of the US Declaration of Independence (1776); cross-wiki notability: 16 language Wikipedias",
+ "ranking_source_urls": "https://www.archives.gov/founding-docs/declaration | https://founders.archives.gov/",
+ "signature_image_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/William_Hooper_signature.png",
+ "signature_source_type": "Wikimedia Commons (Wikidata P109 signature file)",
+ "image_license": "Public domain",
+ "image_author": "",
+ "deceased": "yes",
+ "death_date": "1790",
+ "risk_level": "low",
+ "usable_in_commercial_collage": "yes",
+ "notes": "Public-domain signature; signer deceased since the founding era — no copyright or publicity-rights exposure",
+ "backup_source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:William_Hooper_signature.png"
+ },
+ {
+ "category": "Declaration of Independence",
+ "rank": 40,
+ "full_name": "John Morton",
+ "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230175",
+ "reason_for_ranking": "Signer of the US Declaration of Independence (1776); cross-wiki notability: 16 language Wikipedias",
+ "ranking_source_urls": "https://www.archives.gov/founding-docs/declaration | https://founders.archives.gov/",
+ "signature_image_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5a/John_Morton_signature.png",
+ "signature_source_type": "Wikimedia Commons (Wikidata P109 signature file)",
+ "image_license": "Public domain",
+ "image_author": "",
+ "deceased": "yes",
+ "death_date": "1777",
+ "risk_level": "low",
+ "usable_in_commercial_collage": "yes",
+ "notes": "Public-domain signature; signer deceased since the founding era — no copyright or publicity-rights exposure",
+ "backup_source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Morton_signature.png"
+ },
+ {
+ "category": "Declaration of Independence",
+ "rank": 41,
+ "full_name": "William Whipple",
+ "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1969780",
+ "reason_for_ranking": "Signer of the US Declaration of Independence (1776); cross-wiki notability: 16 language Wikipedias",
+ "ranking_source_urls": "https://www.archives.gov/founding-docs/declaration | https://founders.archives.gov/",
+ "signature_image_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/William_Whipple_signature.png",
+ "signature_source_type": "Wikimedia Commons (Wikidata P109 signature file)",
+ "image_license": "Public domain",
+ "image_author": "",
+ "deceased": "yes",
+ "death_date": "1785",
+ "risk_level": "low",
+ "usable_in_commercial_collage": "yes",
+ "notes": "Public-domain signature; signer deceased since the founding era — no copyright or publicity-rights exposure",
+ "backup_source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:William_Whipple_signature.png"
+ },
+ {
+ "category": "Declaration of Independence",
+ "rank": 42,
+ "full_name": "Joseph Hewes",
+ "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1666382",
+ "reason_for_ranking": "Signer of the US Declaration of Independence (1776); cross-wiki notability: 15 language Wikipedias",
+ "ranking_source_urls": "https://www.archives.gov/founding-docs/declaration | https://founders.archives.gov/",
+ "signature_image_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/Joseph_Hewes_signature.png",
+ "signature_source_type": "Wikimedia Commons (Wikidata P109 signature file)",
+ "image_license": "Public domain",
+ "image_author": "",
+ "deceased": "yes",
+ "death_date": "1779",
+ "risk_level": "low",
+ "usable_in_commercial_collage": "yes",
+ "notes": "Public-domain signature; signer deceased since the founding era — no copyright or publicity-rights exposure",
+ "backup_source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Joseph_Hewes_signature.png"
+ },
+ {
+ "category": "Declaration of Independence",
+ "rank": 43,
+ "full_name": "Matthew Thornton",
+ "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1368351",
+ "reason_for_ranking": "Signer of the US Declaration of Independence (1776); cross-wiki notability: 15 language Wikipedias",
+ "ranking_source_urls": "https://www.archives.gov/founding-docs/declaration | https://founders.archives.gov/",
+ "signature_image_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/Matthew_Thornton_signature.png",
+ "signature_source_type": "Wikimedia Commons (Wikidata P109 signature file)",
+ "image_license": "Public domain",
+ "image_author": "",
+ "deceased": "yes",
+ "death_date": "1803",
+ "risk_level": "low",
+ "usable_in_commercial_collage": "yes",
+ "notes": "Public-domain signature; signer deceased since the founding era — no copyright or publicity-rights exposure",
+ "backup_source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Matthew_Thornton_signature.png"
+ },
+ {
+ "category": "Declaration of Independence",
+ "rank": 44,
+ "full_name": "Thomas Heyward, Jr.",
+ "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1399545",
+ "reason_for_ranking": "Signer of the US Declaration of Independence (1776); cross-wiki notability: 14 language Wikipedias",
+ "ranking_source_urls": "https://www.archives.gov/founding-docs/declaration | https://founders.archives.gov/",
+ "signature_image_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/Thomas_Heyward_signature.png",
+ "signature_source_type": "Wikimedia Commons (Wikidata P109 signature file)",
+ "image_license": "Public domain",
+ "image_author": "",
+ "deceased": "yes",
+ "death_date": "1809",
+ "risk_level": "low",
+ "usable_in_commercial_collage": "yes",
+ "notes": "Public-domain signature; signer deceased since the founding era — no copyright or publicity-rights exposure",
+ "backup_source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Thomas_Heyward_signature.png"
+ },
+ {
+ "category": "Declaration of Independence",
+ "rank": 45,
+ "full_name": "Thomas Lynch",
+ "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q537583",
+ "reason_for_ranking": "Signer of the US Declaration of Independence (1776); cross-wiki notability: 14 language Wikipedias",
+ "ranking_source_urls": "https://www.archives.gov/founding-docs/declaration | https://founders.archives.gov/",
+ "signature_image_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/58/Thomas_Lynch_signature.png",
+ "signature_source_type": "Wikimedia Commons (Wikidata P109 signature file)",
+ "image_license": "Public domain",
+ "image_author": "",
+ "deceased": "yes",
+ "death_date": "1779",
+ "risk_level": "low",
+ "usable_in_commercial_collage": "yes",
+ "notes": "Public-domain signature; signer deceased since the founding era — no copyright or publicity-rights exposure",
+ "backup_source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Thomas_Lynch_signature.png"
+ },
+ {
+ "category": "Declaration of Independence",
+ "rank": 46,
+ "full_name": "Thomas Stone",
+ "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q721842",
+ "reason_for_ranking": "Signer of the US Declaration of Independence (1776); cross-wiki notability: 14 language Wikipedias",
+ "ranking_source_urls": "https://www.archives.gov/founding-docs/declaration | https://founders.archives.gov/",
+ "signature_image_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/Thomas_Stone_signature.png",
+ "signature_source_type": "Wikimedia Commons (Wikidata P109 signature file)",
+ "image_license": "Public domain",
+ "image_author": "",
+ "deceased": "yes",
+ "death_date": "1787",
+ "risk_level": "low",
+ "usable_in_commercial_collage": "yes",
+ "notes": "Public-domain signature; signer deceased since the founding era — no copyright or publicity-rights exposure",
+ "backup_source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Thomas_Stone_signature.png"
+ },
+ {
+ "category": "Declaration of Independence",
+ "rank": 47,
+ "full_name": "James Smith",
+ "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q721599",
+ "reason_for_ranking": "Signer of the US Declaration of Independence (1776); cross-wiki notability: 14 language Wikipedias",
+ "ranking_source_urls": "https://www.archives.gov/founding-docs/declaration | https://founders.archives.gov/",
+ "signature_image_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/13/James_Smith_signature.png",
+ "signature_source_type": "Wikimedia Commons (Wikidata P109 signature file)",
+ "image_license": "Public domain",
+ "image_author": "",
+ "deceased": "yes",
+ "death_date": "1806",
+ "risk_level": "low",
+ "usable_in_commercial_collage": "yes",
+ "notes": "Public-domain signature; signer deceased since the founding era — no copyright or publicity-rights exposure",
+ "backup_source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:James_Smith_signature.png"
+ },
+ {
+ "category": "Declaration of Independence",
+ "rank": 48,
+ "full_name": "Arthur Middleton",
+ "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657569",
+ "reason_for_ranking": "Signer of the US Declaration of Independence (1776); cross-wiki notability: 13 language Wikipedias",
+ "ranking_source_urls": "https://www.archives.gov/founding-docs/declaration | https://founders.archives.gov/",
+ "signature_image_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/92/Arthur_Middleton_signature.png",
+ "signature_source_type": "Wikimedia Commons (Wikidata P109 signature file)",
+ "image_license": "Public domain",
+ "image_author": "",
+ "deceased": "yes",
+ "death_date": "1787",
+ "risk_level": "low",
+ "usable_in_commercial_collage": "yes",
+ "notes": "Public-domain signature; signer deceased since the founding era — no copyright or publicity-rights exposure",
+ "backup_source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Arthur_Middleton_signature.png"
+ },
+ {
+ "category": "Declaration of Independence",
+ "rank": 49,
+ "full_name": "Philip Livingston",
+ "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q714967",
+ "reason_for_ranking": "Signer of the US Declaration of Independence (1776); cross-wiki notability: 13 language Wikipedias",
+ "ranking_source_urls": "https://www.archives.gov/founding-docs/declaration | https://founders.archives.gov/",
+ "signature_image_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/54/Philip_Livingston_signature.png",
+ "signature_source_type": "Wikimedia Commons (Wikidata P109 signature file)",
+ "image_license": "Public domain",
+ "image_author": "",
+ "deceased": "yes",
+ "death_date": "1778",
+ "risk_level": "low",
+ "usable_in_commercial_collage": "yes",
+ "notes": "Public-domain signature; signer deceased since the founding era — no copyright or publicity-rights exposure",
+ "backup_source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Philip_Livingston_signature.png"
+ },
+ {
+ "category": "Declaration of Independence",
+ "rank": 50,
+ "full_name": "John Penn",
+ "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q530037",
+ "reason_for_ranking": "Signer of the US Declaration of Independence (1776); cross-wiki notability: 13 language Wikipedias",
+ "ranking_source_urls": "https://www.archives.gov/founding-docs/declaration | https://founders.archives.gov/",
+ "signature_image_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/08/John_Penn_signature.png",
+ "signature_source_type": "Wikimedia Commons (Wikidata P109 signature file)",
+ "image_license": "Public domain",
+ "image_author": "",
+ "deceased": "yes",
+ "death_date": "1788",
+ "risk_level": "low",
+ "usable_in_commercial_collage": "yes",
+ "notes": "Public-domain signature; signer deceased since the founding era — no copyright or publicity-rights exposure",
+ "backup_source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Penn_signature.png"
+ },
+ {
+ "category": "Declaration of Independence",
+ "rank": 51,
+ "full_name": "Lewis Morris",
+ "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q328181",
+ "reason_for_ranking": "Signer of the US Declaration of Independence (1776); cross-wiki notability: 13 language Wikipedias",
+ "ranking_source_urls": "https://www.archives.gov/founding-docs/declaration | https://founders.archives.gov/",
+ "signature_image_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/13/Lewis_Morris_signature.png",
+ "signature_source_type": "Wikimedia Commons (Wikidata P109 signature file)",
+ "image_license": "Public domain",
+ "image_author": "",
+ "deceased": "yes",
+ "death_date": "1798",
+ "risk_level": "low",
+ "usable_in_commercial_collage": "yes",
+ "notes": "Public-domain signature; signer deceased since the founding era — no copyright or publicity-rights exposure",
+ "backup_source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lewis_Morris_signature.png"
+ },
+ {
+ "category": "Declaration of Independence",
+ "rank": 52,
+ "full_name": "John Hart",
+ "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1367952",
+ "reason_for_ranking": "Signer of the US Declaration of Independence (1776); cross-wiki notability: 12 language Wikipedias",
+ "ranking_source_urls": "https://www.archives.gov/founding-docs/declaration | https://founders.archives.gov/",
+ "signature_image_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/89/John_Hart_signature.png",
+ "signature_source_type": "Wikimedia Commons (Wikidata P109 signature file)",
+ "image_license": "Public domain",
+ "image_author": "",
+ "deceased": "yes",
+ "death_date": "1779",
+ "risk_level": "low",
+ "usable_in_commercial_collage": "yes",
+ "notes": "Public-domain signature; signer deceased since the founding era — no copyright or publicity-rights exposure",
+ "backup_source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Hart_signature.png"
+ },
+ {
+ "category": "Declaration of Independence",
+ "rank": 53,
+ "full_name": "Francis Lightfoot Lee",
+ "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q709825",
+ "reason_for_ranking": "Signer of the US Declaration of Independence (1776); cross-wiki notability: 12 language Wikipedias",
+ "ranking_source_urls": "https://www.archives.gov/founding-docs/declaration | https://founders.archives.gov/",
+ "signature_image_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Francis_Lee_signature.png",
+ "signature_source_type": "Wikimedia Commons (Wikidata P109 signature file)",
+ "image_license": "Public domain",
+ "image_author": "",
+ "deceased": "yes",
+ "death_date": "1797",
+ "risk_level": "low",
+ "usable_in_commercial_collage": "yes",
+ "notes": "Public-domain signature; signer deceased since the founding era — no copyright or publicity-rights exposure",
+ "backup_source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Francis_Lee_signature.png"
+ },
+ {
+ "category": "Declaration of Independence",
+ "rank": 54,
+ "full_name": "George Ross",
+ "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q655575",
+ "reason_for_ranking": "Signer of the US Declaration of Independence (1776); cross-wiki notability: 12 language Wikipedias",
+ "ranking_source_urls": "https://www.archives.gov/founding-docs/declaration | https://founders.archives.gov/",
+ "signature_image_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e4/George_Ross_signature.png",
+ "signature_source_type": "Wikimedia Commons (Wikidata P109 signature file)",
+ "image_license": "Public domain",
+ "image_author": "",
+ "deceased": "yes",
+ "death_date": "1779",
+ "risk_level": "low",
+ "usable_in_commercial_collage": "yes",
+ "notes": "Public-domain signature; signer deceased since the founding era — no copyright or publicity-rights exposure",
+ "backup_source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:George_Ross_signature.png"
+ },
+ {
+ "category": "Declaration of Independence",
+ "rank": 55,
+ "full_name": "George Taylor",
+ "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1369216",
+ "reason_for_ranking": "Signer of the US Declaration of Independence (1776); cross-wiki notability: 12 language Wikipedias",
+ "ranking_source_urls": "https://www.archives.gov/founding-docs/declaration | https://founders.archives.gov/",
+ "signature_image_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/George_Taylor_signature.png",
+ "signature_source_type": "Wikimedia Commons (Wikidata P109 signature file)",
+ "image_license": "Public domain",
+ "image_author": "",
+ "deceased": "yes",
+ "death_date": "1781",
+ "risk_level": "low",
+ "usable_in_commercial_collage": "yes",
+ "notes": "Public-domain signature; signer deceased since the founding era — no copyright or publicity-rights exposure",
+ "backup_source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:George_Taylor_signature.png"
+ },
+ {
+ "category": "Declaration of Independence",
+ "rank": 56,
+ "full_name": "William William",
+ "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q718341",
+ "reason_for_ranking": "Signer of the US Declaration of Independence (1776); cross-wiki notability: 12 language Wikipedias",
+ "ranking_source_urls": "https://www.archives.gov/founding-docs/declaration | https://founders.archives.gov/",
+ "signature_image_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/58/William_Williams_signature.png",
+ "signature_source_type": "Wikimedia Commons (Wikidata P109 signature file)",
+ "image_license": "Public domain",
+ "image_author": "",
+ "deceased": "yes",
+ "death_date": "1811",
+ "risk_level": "low",
+ "usable_in_commercial_collage": "yes",
+ "notes": "Public-domain signature; signer deceased since the founding era — no copyright or publicity-rights exposure",
+ "backup_source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:William_Williams_signature.png"
+ }
+]
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/scripts/fetch-declaration.mjs b/scripts/fetch-declaration.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..67aa325
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/fetch-declaration.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env node
+// Declaration of Independence signers — the safest possible signature set:
+// all 56 signers, deceased since the 1700s-1800s (no publicity rights), every
+// signature public domain. Built entirely on MediaWiki/Commons/Wikidata-entity
+// APIs (NOT the SPARQL endpoint), so it works even during a WDQS outage.
+
+import { writeFile, mkdir } from 'node:fs/promises';
+
+const UA = 'CelebritySignatures-research/1.0 (steve@designerwallcoverings.com)';
+const EN = 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php';
+const WD = 'https://www.wikidata.org/w/api.php';
+const COMMONS = 'https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php';
+const CAT = 'Category:Signatories of the United States Declaration of Independence';
+const sleep = (ms) => new Promise((r) => setTimeout(r, ms));
+
+async function api(base, params) {
+ const url = base + '?' + new URLSearchParams({ format: 'json', formatversion: '2', ...params });
+ const res = await fetch(url, { headers: { 'User-Agent': UA } });
+ if (!res.ok) throw new Error(`${base} ${res.status}`);
+ return res.json();
+}
+const chunk = (a, n) => Array.from({ length: Math.ceil(a.length / n) }, (_, i) => a.slice(i * n, i * n + n));
+
+async function main() {
+ await mkdir('data', { recursive: true });
+
+ // 1. all 56 signer article titles
+ const cm = await api(EN, { action: 'query', list: 'categorymembers', cmtitle: CAT, cmlimit: '100', cmtype: 'page' });
+ const titles = cm.query.categorymembers.map((m) => m.title);
+ console.log(`signers in category: ${titles.length}`);
+
+ // 2. enwiki title -> Wikidata QID
+ const titleToQid = {};
+ for (const grp of chunk(titles, 50)) {
+ const r = await api(EN, { action: 'query', prop: 'pageprops', titles: grp.join('|'), ppprop: 'wikibase_item' });
+ for (const p of r.query.pages) if (p.pageprops?.wikibase_item) titleToQid[p.title] = p.pageprops.wikibase_item;
+ await sleep(200);
+ }
+ const qids = Object.values(titleToQid);
+ console.log(`resolved QIDs: ${qids.length}`);
+
+ // 3. Wikidata entities: P109 signature file, P570 death, sitelink count, label
+ const ent = {};
+ for (const grp of chunk(qids, 50)) {
+ const r = await api(WD, { action: 'wbgetentities', ids: grp.join('|'), props: 'claims|sitelinks|labels', languages: 'en' });
+ Object.assign(ent, r.entities);
+ await sleep(200);
+ }
+
+ // collect signature filenames
+ const rows = [];
+ const fileTitles = new Set();
+ for (const [title, qid] of Object.entries(titleToQid)) {
+ const e = ent[qid] || {};
+ const sigClaim = e.claims?.P109?.[0]?.mainsnak?.datavalue?.value || null;
+ const dod = e.claims?.P570?.[0]?.mainsnak?.datavalue?.value?.time || null;
+ const links = e.sitelinks ? Object.keys(e.sitelinks).length : 0;
+ const label = e.labels?.en?.value || title;
+ const fileTitle = sigClaim ? 'File:' + sigClaim : null;
+ if (fileTitle) fileTitles.add(fileTitle);
+ rows.push({ title, qid, label, sigClaim, fileTitle, dod, links });
+ }
+
+ // 4. Commons license + direct URL per signature file
+ const lic = {};
+ for (const grp of chunk([...fileTitles], 50)) {
+ const r = await api(COMMONS, { action: 'query', prop: 'imageinfo', iiprop: 'extmetadata|url', titles: grp.join('|') });
+ const norm = {}; (r.query?.normalized || []).forEach((n) => (norm[n.to] = n.from));
+ for (const p of r.query?.pages || []) {
+ const ii = p.imageinfo?.[0]; const ext = ii?.extmetadata || {};
+ lic[norm[p.title] || p.title] = {
+ license: ext.LicenseShortName?.value || 'Public domain (signature, pre-1830)',
+ directUrl: ii?.url || null, filePage: ii?.descriptionurl || null,
+ };
+ }
+ await sleep(200);
+ }
+
+ rows.sort((a, b) => b.links - a.links);
+ const out = rows.map((r, i) => {
+ const meta = r.fileTitle ? lic[r.fileTitle] : null;
+ const hasFile = !!meta?.directUrl;
+ const deathYear = r.dod ? r.dod.slice(1, 5) : '';
+ return {
+ category: 'Declaration of Independence',
+ rank: i + 1,
+ full_name: r.label,
+ wikidata: `https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/${r.qid}`,
+ reason_for_ranking: `Signer of the US Declaration of Independence (1776); cross-wiki notability: ${r.links} language Wikipedias`,
+ ranking_source_urls: 'https://www.archives.gov/founding-docs/declaration | https://founders.archives.gov/',
+ signature_image_url: hasFile ? meta.directUrl
+ : 'https://www.archives.gov/founding-docs/downloads',
+ signature_source_type: hasFile
+ ? 'Wikimedia Commons (Wikidata P109 signature file)'
+ : 'US National Archives — engrossed Declaration of Independence (PD)',
+ image_license: hasFile ? meta.license : 'Public domain (US founding document, 1776)',
+ image_author: hasFile ? '' : 'Engrossed by Timothy Matlack; signed 1776',
+ deceased: 'yes',
+ death_date: deathYear,
+ risk_level: 'low',
+ usable_in_commercial_collage: 'yes',
+ notes: hasFile
+ ? 'Public-domain signature; signer deceased since the founding era — no copyright or publicity-rights exposure'
+ : 'No standalone Commons signature file; signature appears on the engrossed Declaration (NARA, public domain)',
+ backup_source: hasFile ? meta.filePage : 'https://catalog.archives.gov/id/1419123',
+ };
+ });
+
+ await writeFile('data/declaration.json', JSON.stringify(out, null, 2));
+ const withFile = out.filter((r) => r.signature_source_type.startsWith('Wikimedia')).length;
+ console.log(`\n${out.length} signers written -> data/declaration.json`);
+ console.log(` ${withFile} have a standalone Commons signature file; ${out.length - withFile} sourced from the engrossed Declaration (NARA)`);
+ console.log(` ALL ${out.length}: risk_level=low, usable_in_commercial_collage=yes`);
+ console.log(` Top 5 by notability: ${out.slice(0, 5).map((r) => r.full_name).join(', ')}`);
+}
+main().catch((e) => { console.error(e); process.exit(1); });
diff --git a/scripts/fetch-wikidata.mjs b/scripts/fetch-wikidata.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..75dc500
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/fetch-wikidata.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,275 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env node
+// CelebritySignatures — verified-signature fetcher.
+// Spine: Wikidata P109 ("signature") links a real person to a real signature
+// FILE on Wikimedia Commons. We query the public SPARQL endpoint (no key, free),
+// rank by cross-wiki sitelink count, then pull each file's license from the
+// Commons API. Nothing is invented — every row traces to a fetchable file.
+//
+// Usage: node scripts/fetch-wikidata.mjs [category|all]
+// Output: data/<category>.json + data/celebrity_signatures.{json,csv}
+
+import { writeFile, mkdir } from 'node:fs/promises';
+
+const UA = 'CelebritySignatures-research/1.0 (steve@designerwallcoverings.com)';
+const SPARQL = 'https://query.wikidata.org/sparql';
+const COMMONS = 'https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php';
+const PER_CAT = 120; // fetch headroom, trimmed to 100 after dedupe
+const TARGET = 100;
+
+const sleep = (ms) => new Promise((r) => setTimeout(r, ms));
+
+// Authoritative human-curated ranking lists per category (cited as guidance;
+// the automated `rank` is the Wikidata sitelink-sorted position).
+const RANKING_SOURCES = {
+ politics: ['https://www.gallup.com/poll/most-admired-man-woman.aspx', 'https://time.com/time100/'],
+ sports: ['https://www.espn.com/', 'https://www.olympics.com/en/athletes', 'https://www.laureus.com/'],
+ movies: ['https://www.imdb.com/chart/starmeter/', 'https://www.forbes.com/celebrities/'],
+ tv: ['https://www.emmys.com/', 'https://yougov.com/ratings/'],
+ hollywood: ['https://www.afi.com/afis-100-years-100-stars/', 'https://walkoffame.com/'],
+ declaration: ['https://www.archives.gov/founding-docs/declaration', 'https://founders.archives.gov/'],
+};
+
+// SPARQL WHERE body per category. Must bind ?person, ?links; ?sig where available.
+const CATEGORIES = {
+ politics: {
+ label: 'Politics',
+ body: `?person wdt:P31 wd:Q5 ; wdt:P106 wd:Q82955 ; wdt:P109 ?sig ; wikibase:sitelinks ?links .`,
+ },
+ sports: {
+ label: 'Sports',
+ body: `?person wdt:P31 wd:Q5 ; wdt:P641 ?sport ; wdt:P109 ?sig ; wikibase:sitelinks ?links .`,
+ },
+ movies: {
+ label: 'Movies',
+ body: `?person wdt:P31 wd:Q5 ; wdt:P106 wd:Q10800557 ; wdt:P109 ?sig ; wikibase:sitelinks ?links .`,
+ },
+ tv: {
+ label: 'TV',
+ body: `?person wdt:P31 wd:Q5 ; wdt:P106 ?occ ; wdt:P109 ?sig ; wikibase:sitelinks ?links . VALUES ?occ { wd:Q10798782 wd:Q947873 }`,
+ },
+ hollywood: {
+ // Golden-Age / iconic: film actors who are deceased (cleanest publicity posture).
+ label: 'Hollywood',
+ body: `?person wdt:P31 wd:Q5 ; wdt:P106 wd:Q10800557 ; wdt:P109 ?sig ; wikibase:sitelinks ?links ; wdt:P570 ?deadrequired .`,
+ },
+ declaration: {
+ // Signatories of the US Declaration of Independence (P1891 on Q47551).
+ // Signature file optional — the engrossed Declaration itself (NARA, PD) is the source.
+ label: 'Declaration of Independence',
+ body: `wd:Q47551 wdt:P1891 ?person . ?person wikibase:sitelinks ?links . OPTIONAL { ?person wdt:P109 ?sig . }`,
+ limit: 60, // there are 56 signers
+ },
+};
+
+function buildQuery(body, limit) {
+ return `SELECT DISTINCT ?person ?personLabel ?sig ?dod ?links WHERE {
+ ${body}
+ OPTIONAL { ?person wdt:P570 ?dod . }
+ SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "en". }
+ } ORDER BY DESC(?links) LIMIT ${limit}`;
+}
+
+async function runSparql(query, { retries = 20, waitMs = 70000 } = {}) {
+ // WDQS periodically throttles to 1 req/min during outages; ride it out.
+ for (let attempt = 1; ; attempt++) {
+ const res = await fetch(SPARQL, {
+ method: 'POST',
+ headers: {
+ 'User-Agent': UA,
+ Accept: 'application/sparql-results+json',
+ 'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',
+ },
+ body: 'query=' + encodeURIComponent(query),
+ });
+ if (res.ok) {
+ const txt = await res.text();
+ try { return JSON.parse(txt).results.bindings; }
+ catch { if (attempt > retries) throw new Error('non-JSON from WDQS'); }
+ }
+ if (attempt > retries) throw new Error(`SPARQL ${res.status} after ${retries} retries`);
+ process.stdout.write(`(WDQS ${res.status}; backoff ${waitMs / 1000}s, try ${attempt}/${retries}) `);
+ await sleep(waitMs);
+ }
+}
+
+function fileTitleFromUrl(sigUrl) {
+ // .../Special:FilePath/<urlencoded filename>
+ const m = sigUrl && sigUrl.match(/Special:FilePath\/(.+)$/);
+ if (!m) return null;
+ return 'File:' + decodeURIComponent(m[1]).replace(/_/g, ' ');
+}
+
+// Pull license/author per Commons file (batches of 50).
+async function fetchLicenses(titles) {
+ const out = {};
+ for (let i = 0; i < titles.length; i += 50) {
+ const batch = titles.slice(i, i + 50);
+ const url = `${COMMONS}?action=query&format=json&prop=imageinfo&iiprop=extmetadata|url&titles=${encodeURIComponent(batch.join('|'))}&origin=*`;
+ const res = await fetch(url, { headers: { 'User-Agent': UA } });
+ if (!res.ok) { await sleep(500); continue; }
+ const j = await res.json();
+ const pages = j.query?.pages || {};
+ const norm = {};
+ (j.query?.normalized || []).forEach((n) => { norm[n.to] = n.from; });
+ for (const p of Object.values(pages)) {
+ const ii = p.imageinfo?.[0];
+ const ext = ii?.extmetadata || {};
+ const key = norm[p.title] || p.title;
+ out[key] = {
+ license: ext.LicenseShortName?.value || 'unknown',
+ artist: (ext.Artist?.value || '').replace(/<[^>]+>/g, '').trim(),
+ directUrl: ii?.url || null,
+ filePage: ii?.descriptionurl || null,
+ };
+ }
+ await sleep(300);
+ }
+ return out;
+}
+
+function licenseRisk(lic) {
+ const l = (lic || '').toLowerCase();
+ if (/public domain|pd-|cc0|cc-?0/.test(l)) return 'low';
+ if (/cc by/.test(l)) return 'low-medium';
+ if (l === 'unknown' || l === '') return 'high';
+ return 'medium';
+}
+
+function assess({ deceased, lic, fromArchive }) {
+ const lr = fromArchive ? 'low' : licenseRisk(lic);
+ const pr = deceased ? 'low' : 'medium';
+ const rank = { low: 0, 'low-medium': 1, medium: 2, high: 3 };
+ const overall = rank[lr] >= rank[pr] ? lr : pr;
+ const risk_level = overall.startsWith('low') ? 'low' : overall;
+ let usable;
+ const cleanLic = lr === 'low' || lr === 'low-medium';
+ if (deceased && cleanLic) usable = 'yes';
+ else if (!deceased) usable = 'permission-needed';
+ else usable = 'review';
+ return { risk_level, usable };
+}
+
+async function fetchCategory(catKey) {
+ const cat = CATEGORIES[catKey];
+ const rows = await runSparql(buildQuery(cat.body, cat.limit || PER_CAT));
+ // dedupe by person QID, keep highest sitelinks (already sorted)
+ const seen = new Set();
+ const people = [];
+ for (const b of rows) {
+ const qid = b.person.value.split('/').pop();
+ if (seen.has(qid)) continue;
+ seen.add(qid);
+ people.push({
+ qid,
+ name: b.personLabel?.value || qid,
+ sigUrl: b.sig?.value || null,
+ dod: b.dod?.value || null,
+ links: parseInt(b.links?.value || '0', 10),
+ });
+ }
+ return people;
+}
+
+function csvCell(v) {
+ const s = (v == null ? '' : String(v)).replace(/"/g, '""');
+ return `"${s}"`;
+}
+
+async function main() {
+ const arg = (process.argv[2] || 'all').toLowerCase();
+ const keys = arg === 'all' ? Object.keys(CATEGORIES) : [arg];
+ await mkdir('data', { recursive: true });
+
+ const globalSeen = new Set();
+ const all = [];
+ // priority order keeps a deceased icon in Hollywood/declaration over movies/tv
+ const priority = ['declaration', 'politics', 'sports', 'hollywood', 'movies', 'tv'];
+ const order = keys.sort((a, b) => priority.indexOf(a) - priority.indexOf(b));
+
+ for (const key of order) {
+ process.stdout.write(`\n[${key}] querying Wikidata… `);
+ let people;
+ try {
+ people = await fetchCategory(key);
+ } catch (e) {
+ console.log(`FAILED: ${e.message}`);
+ continue;
+ }
+ console.log(`${people.length} candidates with a signature on file`);
+
+ // global dedupe across categories
+ people = people.filter((p) => !globalSeen.has(p.qid));
+
+ // license lookup
+ const titles = [...new Set(people.map((p) => fileTitleFromUrl(p.sigUrl)).filter(Boolean))];
+ process.stdout.write(`[${key}] fetching ${titles.length} Commons licenses… `);
+ const lic = titles.length ? await fetchLicenses(titles) : {};
+ console.log('done');
+
+ const isDecl = key === 'declaration';
+ const catRows = [];
+ for (const p of people) {
+ if (catRows.length >= (isDecl ? 56 : TARGET)) break;
+ globalSeen.add(p.qid);
+ const title = fileTitleFromUrl(p.sigUrl);
+ const meta = title ? lic[title] : null;
+ const deceased = !!p.dod || isDecl; // all DoI signers deceased
+ const hasFile = !!p.sigUrl;
+ const fromArchive = isDecl && !hasFile;
+ const license = fromArchive
+ ? 'Public domain (US Gov work / pre-1929)'
+ : (meta?.license || (hasFile ? 'unknown (verify on Commons)' : 'n/a'));
+ const { risk_level, usable } = assess({ deceased, lic: license, fromArchive });
+
+ const sigImg = fromArchive
+ ? 'https://www.archives.gov/founding-docs/declaration-transcript'
+ : (meta?.directUrl || p.sigUrl);
+ const sourceType = fromArchive
+ ? 'US National Archives — engrossed Declaration of Independence (PD)'
+ : 'Wikimedia Commons (Wikidata P109 signature file)';
+ const filePage = meta?.filePage
+ || (title ? `https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/${encodeURIComponent(title)}` : null);
+
+ catRows.push({
+ category: CATEGORIES[key].label,
+ rank: catRows.length + 1,
+ full_name: p.name,
+ wikidata: `https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/${p.qid}`,
+ reason_for_ranking: `Cross-wiki notability: present on ${p.links} language Wikipedias`,
+ ranking_source_urls: (RANKING_SOURCES[key] || []).join(' | '),
+ signature_image_url: sigImg,
+ signature_source_type: sourceType,
+ image_license: license,
+ image_author: meta?.artist || (fromArchive ? 'US Government (1776)' : ''),
+ deceased: deceased ? 'yes' : 'no',
+ death_date: p.dod ? p.dod.slice(0, 10) : (isDecl ? 'pre-1830' : ''),
+ risk_level,
+ usable_in_commercial_collage: usable,
+ notes: [
+ deceased ? 'Deceased — low publicity-rights risk' : 'LIVING — right-of-publicity exposure for commercial use',
+ /share|sa/i.test(license) && /cc by-?sa/i.test(license) ? 'CC BY-SA: derivative collage may need share-alike + attribution' : '',
+ fromArchive ? 'No standalone Commons signature file; signature appears on the engrossed Declaration (NARA scan, PD)' : '',
+ ].filter(Boolean).join('; '),
+ backup_source: isDecl
+ ? 'https://founders.archives.gov/'
+ : (filePage || 'https://catalog.archives.gov/'),
+ });
+ }
+ await writeFile(`data/${key}.json`, JSON.stringify(catRows, null, 2));
+ console.log(`[${key}] -> data/${key}.json (${catRows.length} rows, ${catRows.filter(r => r.usable_in_commercial_collage === 'yes').length} collage-usable)`);
+ all.push(...catRows);
+ }
+
+ // combined outputs
+ await writeFile('data/celebrity_signatures.json', JSON.stringify(all, null, 2));
+ const cols = ['category', 'rank', 'full_name', 'wikidata', 'reason_for_ranking', 'ranking_source_urls', 'signature_image_url', 'signature_source_type', 'image_license', 'image_author', 'deceased', 'death_date', 'risk_level', 'usable_in_commercial_collage', 'notes', 'backup_source'];
+ const csv = [cols.join(',')].concat(all.map((r) => cols.map((c) => csvCell(r[c])).join(','))).join('\n');
+ await writeFile('data/celebrity_signatures.csv', csv);
+
+ console.log(`\n=== TOTAL ${all.length} rows ===`);
+ const byUsable = all.reduce((a, r) => ((a[r.usable_in_commercial_collage] = (a[r.usable_in_commercial_collage] || 0) + 1), a), {});
+ console.log('Collage usability:', byUsable);
+ console.log('Wrote data/celebrity_signatures.{json,csv}');
+}
+
+main().catch((e) => { console.error(e); process.exit(1); });
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