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Remove rust

92c9688bf0c3a054112d5567d064bc6da1eb858e · 2025-08-02 08:16:39 -0700 · Alex Cheema

Files touched

Diff

commit 92c9688bf0c3a054112d5567d064bc6da1eb858e
Author: Alex Cheema <41707476+AlexCheema@users.noreply.github.com>
Date:   Sat Aug 2 08:16:39 2025 -0700

    Remove rust
---
 .idea/exo-v2.iml                                  |  10 -
 flake.lock                                        |  29 +-
 flake.nix                                         |  15 +-
 master/discovery_supervisor.py                    | 136 ------
 master/main.py                                    |  16 +-
 master/tests/test_master.py                       |   2 +-
 pyproject.toml                                    |   9 +-
 rust/.gitignore                                   |  11 -
 rust/Cargo.toml                                   | 166 -------
 rust/clippy.toml                                  |   2 -
 rust/discovery/Cargo.toml                         |  39 --
 rust/discovery/src/behaviour.rs                   | 244 ----------
 rust/discovery/src/lib.rs                         | 149 -------
 rust/discovery/src/transport.rs                   |  81 ----
 rust/discovery/tests/dummy.rs                     |   8 -
 rust/exo_pyo3_bindings/Cargo.toml                 |  76 ----
 rust/exo_pyo3_bindings/README.md                  |   1 -
 rust/exo_pyo3_bindings/exo_pyo3_bindings.pyi      | 170 -------
 rust/exo_pyo3_bindings/pyproject.toml             |  35 --
 rust/exo_pyo3_bindings/src/bin/stub_gen.rs        |  32 --
 rust/exo_pyo3_bindings/src/discovery.rs           | 520 ----------------------
 rust/exo_pyo3_bindings/src/lib.rs                 | 101 -----
 rust/exo_pyo3_bindings/src/pylibp2p/connection.rs |  36 --
 rust/exo_pyo3_bindings/src/pylibp2p/ident.rs      | 160 -------
 rust/exo_pyo3_bindings/src/pylibp2p/mod.rs        |   3 -
 rust/exo_pyo3_bindings/src/pylibp2p/multiaddr.rs  |  81 ----
 rust/exo_pyo3_bindings/tests/dummy.rs             |  54 ---
 rust/exo_pyo3_bindings/tests/test_python.py       | 129 ------
 rust/master_election/Cargo.toml                   |  41 --
 rust/master_election/src/cel/centrality.rs        |  36 --
 rust/master_election/src/cel/messaging.rs         |  57 ---
 rust/master_election/src/cel/mod.rs               | 333 --------------
 rust/master_election/src/communicator.rs          |  35 --
 rust/master_election/src/lib.rs                   |  44 --
 rust/master_election/src/participant.rs           | 203 ---------
 rust/master_election/tests/dummy.rs               |   8 -
 rust/rust-toolchain.toml                          |   2 -
 rust/util/Cargo.toml                              |  26 --
 rust/util/fn_pipe/Cargo.toml                      |  16 -
 rust/util/fn_pipe/proc/Cargo.toml                 |  20 -
 rust/util/fn_pipe/proc/src/lib.rs                 | 201 ---------
 rust/util/fn_pipe/src/lib.rs                      |  35 --
 rust/util/src/lib.rs                              |  53 ---
 rust/util/src/nonempty.rs                         | 145 ------
 shared/pyproject.toml                             |   2 +
 shared/types/common.py                            |   1 +
 shared/utils.py                                   | 234 +++++++++-
 uv.lock                                           | 118 +++--
 48 files changed, 305 insertions(+), 3620 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.idea/exo-v2.iml b/.idea/exo-v2.iml
index d0dab3c0..e4d93c64 100644
--- a/.idea/exo-v2.iml
+++ b/.idea/exo-v2.iml
@@ -7,21 +7,11 @@
   </component>
   <component name="NewModuleRootManager">
     <content url="file://$MODULE_DIR$">
-      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/rust/discovery/src" isTestSource="false" />
-      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/rust/discovery/tests" isTestSource="true" />
-      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/rust/exo_pyo3_bindings/src" isTestSource="false" />
-      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/rust/exo_pyo3_bindings/tests" isTestSource="true" />
-      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/rust/master_election/src" isTestSource="false" />
-      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/rust/master_election/tests" isTestSource="true" />
-      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/rust/util/fn_pipe/proc/src" isTestSource="false" />
-      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/rust/util/fn_pipe/src" isTestSource="false" />
-      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/rust/util/src" isTestSource="false" />
       <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/engines/mlx" isTestSource="false" />
       <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/master" isTestSource="false" />
       <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/shared" isTestSource="false" />
       <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/worker" isTestSource="false" />
       <excludeFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/.venv" />
-      <excludeFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/rust/target" />
       <excludeFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/.direnv" />
       <excludeFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/build" />
     </content>
diff --git a/flake.lock b/flake.lock
index e4210f4f..5feb92a9 100644
--- a/flake.lock
+++ b/flake.lock
@@ -20,11 +20,11 @@
     },
     "nixpkgs": {
       "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1752950548,
-        "narHash": "sha256-NS6BLD0lxOrnCiEOcvQCDVPXafX1/ek1dfJHX1nUIzc=",
+        "lastModified": 1753939845,
+        "narHash": "sha256-K2ViRJfdVGE8tpJejs8Qpvvejks1+A4GQej/lBk5y7I=",
         "owner": "NixOS",
         "repo": "nixpkgs",
-        "rev": "c87b95e25065c028d31a94f06a62927d18763fdf",
+        "rev": "94def634a20494ee057c76998843c015909d6311",
         "type": "github"
       },
       "original": {
@@ -37,28 +37,7 @@
     "root": {
       "inputs": {
         "flake-utils": "flake-utils",
-        "nixpkgs": "nixpkgs",
-        "rust-overlay": "rust-overlay"
-      }
-    },
-    "rust-overlay": {
-      "inputs": {
-        "nixpkgs": [
-          "nixpkgs"
-        ]
-      },
-      "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1753156081,
-        "narHash": "sha256-N+8LM+zvS6cP+VG2vxgEEDCyX1T9EUq9wXTSvGwX9TM=",
-        "owner": "oxalica",
-        "repo": "rust-overlay",
-        "rev": "8610c0f3801fc8dec7eb4b79c95fb39d16f38a80",
-        "type": "github"
-      },
-      "original": {
-        "owner": "oxalica",
-        "repo": "rust-overlay",
-        "type": "github"
+        "nixpkgs": "nixpkgs"
       }
     },
     "systems": {
diff --git a/flake.nix b/flake.nix
index 31f2b0c5..4fe1f075 100644
--- a/flake.nix
+++ b/flake.nix
@@ -7,18 +7,13 @@
         url = "github:numtide/flake-utils";
         inputs.nixpkgs.follows = "nixpkgs";
     };
-    rust-overlay = {
-        url = "github:oxalica/rust-overlay";
-        inputs.nixpkgs.follows = "nixpkgs";
-    };
   };
 
-  outputs = { self, nixpkgs, rust-overlay, flake-utils }:
+  outputs = { self, nixpkgs, flake-utils }:
     flake-utils.lib.eachDefaultSystem (system:
       let
-        overlays = [ (import rust-overlay) ];
         pkgs = (import nixpkgs) {
-          inherit system overlays;
+          inherit system;
         };
 
         # Go 1.23 compiler – align with go.mod
@@ -38,11 +33,6 @@
         buildInputs = with pkgs; [
         ];
         nativeBuildInputs = with pkgs; [
-          # This sets up the rust suite, automatically selecting the latest nightly version
-          (rust-bin.selectLatestNightlyWith
-            (toolchain: toolchain.default.override {
-              extensions = [ "rust-src" "clippy" ];
-            }))
         ];
       in
         {
@@ -80,7 +70,6 @@
             '';
 
             nativeBuildInputs = with pkgs; [
-              cargo-expand
               nixpkgs-fmt
               cmake
             ] ++ buildInputs ++ nativeBuildInputs;
diff --git a/master/discovery_supervisor.py b/master/discovery_supervisor.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 08f2c072..00000000
--- a/master/discovery_supervisor.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,136 +0,0 @@
-import asyncio
-import logging
-
-from exo_pyo3_bindings import ConnectionUpdate, DiscoveryService, Keypair
-
-from shared.db import AsyncSQLiteEventStorage
-from shared.types.common import NodeId
-from shared.types.events import TopologyEdgeCreated, TopologyEdgeDeleted
-from shared.types.multiaddr import Multiaddr
-from shared.types.topology import Connection
-
-
-class DiscoverySupervisor:
-    def __init__(self, node_id_keypair: Keypair, node_id: NodeId, global_events: AsyncSQLiteEventStorage,
-                 logger: logging.Logger):
-        self.global_events = global_events
-        self.logger = logger
-        self.node_id = node_id
-
-        # configure callbacks
-        self.discovery_service = DiscoveryService(node_id_keypair)
-        self._add_connected_callback()
-        self._add_disconnected_callback()
-
-    def _add_connected_callback(self):
-        stream_get, stream_put = _make_iter()
-        self.discovery_service.add_connected_callback(stream_put)
-
-        async def run():
-            async for c in stream_get:
-                await self._connected_callback(c)
-
-        return asyncio.create_task(run())
-
-    def _add_disconnected_callback(self):
-        stream_get, stream_put = _make_iter()
-
-        async def run():
-            async for c in stream_get:
-                await self._disconnected_callback(c)
-
-        self.discovery_service.add_disconnected_callback(stream_put)
-        return asyncio.create_task(run())
-
-    async def _connected_callback(self, e: ConnectionUpdate) -> None:
-        local_node_id = self.node_id
-        send_back_node_id = NodeId(e.peer_id.to_base58())
-        local_multiaddr = Multiaddr(address=str(e.local_addr))
-        send_back_multiaddr = Multiaddr(address=str(e.send_back_addr))
-        connection_profile = None
-        
-        if send_back_multiaddr.ipv4_address == local_multiaddr.ipv4_address:
-            return
-        
-        topology_edge_created = TopologyEdgeCreated(edge=Connection(
-            local_node_id=local_node_id,
-            send_back_node_id=send_back_node_id,
-            local_multiaddr=local_multiaddr,
-            send_back_multiaddr=send_back_multiaddr,
-            connection_profile=connection_profile
-        ))
-        self.logger.info(
-            msg=f"CONNECTED CALLBACK: {local_node_id} -> {send_back_node_id}, {local_multiaddr} -> {send_back_multiaddr}")
-        await self.global_events.append_events(
-            [topology_edge_created],
-            self.node_id
-        )
-
-    async def _disconnected_callback(self, e: ConnectionUpdate) -> None:
-        local_node_id = self.node_id
-        send_back_node_id = NodeId(e.peer_id.to_base58())
-        local_multiaddr = Multiaddr(address=str(e.local_addr))
-        send_back_multiaddr = Multiaddr(address=str(e.send_back_addr))
-        connection_profile = None
-
-        topology_edge_created = TopologyEdgeDeleted(edge=Connection(
-            local_node_id=local_node_id,
-            send_back_node_id=send_back_node_id,
-            local_multiaddr=local_multiaddr,
-            send_back_multiaddr=send_back_multiaddr,
-            connection_profile=connection_profile
-        ))
-        self.logger.error(
-            msg=f"DISCONNECTED CALLBACK: {local_node_id} -> {send_back_node_id}, {local_multiaddr} -> {send_back_multiaddr}")
-        await self.global_events.append_events(
-            [topology_edge_created],
-            self.node_id
-        )
-
-
-def _make_iter():  # TODO: generalize to generic utility
-    loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
-    queue: asyncio.Queue[ConnectionUpdate] = asyncio.Queue()
-
-    def put(c: ConnectionUpdate) -> None:
-        loop.call_soon_threadsafe(queue.put_nowait, c)
-
-    async def get():
-        while True:
-            yield await queue.get()
-
-    return get(), put
-
-# class MyClass: # TODO: figure out how to make pydantic integrate with Multiaddr
-#     def __init__(self, data: str):
-#         self.data = data
-#
-#     @staticmethod
-#     def from_str(s: str, _i: ValidationInfo) -> 'MyClass':
-#         return MyClass(s)
-#
-#     def __str__(self):
-#         return self.data
-#
-#     @classmethod
-#     def __get_pydantic_core_schema__(
-#             cls, source_type: type[any], handler: GetCoreSchemaHandler
-#     ) -> CoreSchema:
-#         return core_schema.with_info_after_validator_function(
-#             function=MyClass.from_str,
-#             schema=core_schema.bytes_schema(),
-#             serialization=core_schema.to_string_ser_schema()
-#         )
-#
-#
-# # Use directly in a model (no Annotated needed)
-# class ExampleModel(BaseModel):
-#     field: MyClass
-#
-#
-# m = ExampleModel(field=MyClass("foo"))
-# d = m.model_dump()
-# djs = m.model_dump_json()
-#
-# print(d)
-# print(djs)
diff --git a/master/main.py b/master/main.py
index 0b991e96..b3622694 100644
--- a/master/main.py
+++ b/master/main.py
@@ -6,11 +6,7 @@ import traceback
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import List
 
-from exo_pyo3_bindings import Keypair
-
 from master.api import start_fastapi_server
-
-# from master.discovery_supervisor import DiscoverySupervisor
 from master.election_callback import ElectionCallbacks
 from master.forwarder_supervisor import ForwarderRole, ForwarderSupervisor
 from master.placement import get_instance_placements, get_transition_events
@@ -34,7 +30,7 @@ from shared.types.events.commands import (
 from shared.types.state import State
 from shared.types.tasks import ChatCompletionTask, TaskId, TaskStatus, TaskType
 from shared.types.worker.instances import Instance
-from shared.utils import get_node_id_keypair
+from shared.utils import Keypair, get_node_id_keypair
 
 
 class Master:
@@ -42,17 +38,11 @@ class Master:
                  global_events: AsyncSQLiteEventStorage, worker_events: AsyncSQLiteEventStorage,
                  forwarder_binary_path: Path, logger: logging.Logger):
         self.state = State()
+        self.node_id_keypair = node_id_keypair
         self.node_id = node_id
         self.command_buffer = command_buffer
         self.global_events = global_events
         self.worker_events = worker_events
-        # self.discovery_supervisor = DiscoverySupervisor(
-        #     node_id_keypair,
-        #     node_id,
-        #     # TODO: needs to be more general for when we have master election
-        #     worker_events if os.getenv('EXO_RUN_AS_REPLICA') in set(['TRUE', 'true', '1']) else global_events,
-        #     logger
-        # )
         self.forwarder_supervisor = ForwarderSupervisor(
             self.node_id,
             forwarder_binary_path=forwarder_binary_path,
@@ -191,7 +181,7 @@ async def main():
     logger.info('Running FastAPI server in a separate thread. Listening on port 8000.')
 
     master = Master(node_id_keypair, node_id, command_buffer, global_events, worker_events,
-                    forwarder_binary_path=Path("./build/forwarder"), logger=logger)
+                    Path("./build/forwarder"), logger)
     await master.run()
 
 
diff --git a/master/tests/test_master.py b/master/tests/test_master.py
index a6649495..6e3f9731 100644
--- a/master/tests/test_master.py
+++ b/master/tests/test_master.py
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ from pathlib import Path
 from typing import List, Sequence
 
 import pytest
-from exo_pyo3_bindings import Keypair
 
 from master.main import Master
 from shared.db.sqlite.config import EventLogConfig
@@ -35,6 +34,7 @@ from shared.types.tasks import ChatCompletionTask, TaskStatus, TaskType
 from shared.types.worker.common import InstanceId
 from shared.types.worker.instances import Instance, InstanceStatus, ShardAssignments
 from shared.types.worker.shards import PartitionStrategy, PipelineShardMetadata
+from shared.utils import Keypair
 
 
 def _create_forwarder_dummy_binary() -> Path:
diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index 2404533f..dd310a8a 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -11,13 +11,14 @@ dependencies = [
     "exo-worker",
     "types-aiofiles>=24.1.0.20250708",
     "typeguard>=4.4.4",
-    "pydantic>=2.11.7"
+    "pydantic>=2.11.7",
+    "base58>=2.1.1",
+    "cryptography>=45.0.5",
 ]
 
 # dependencies only required for development
 [dependency-groups]
 dev = [
-    "maturin>=1.9.0",
     "pytest>=8.4.0",
     "pytest-asyncio>=1.0.0",
     "ruff>=0.11.13",
@@ -38,8 +39,7 @@ members = [
     "master",
     "worker",
     "shared",
-    "engines/*",
-    "rust/exo_pyo3_bindings",
+    "engines/*"
 ]
 
 [tool.uv.sources]
@@ -47,7 +47,6 @@ exo-shared = { workspace = true }
 exo-master = { workspace = true }
 exo-worker = { workspace = true }
 exo-engine-mlx = { workspace = true }
-exo-pyo3-bindings = { workspace = true }
 
 [build-system]
 requires = ["hatchling"]
diff --git a/rust/.gitignore b/rust/.gitignore
deleted file mode 100644
index e9c71ef3..00000000
--- a/rust/.gitignore
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-/target
-compile
-.*
-./*.wacc
-*.s
-*.core
-.wacc
-*.png
-*.dot
-
-Cargo.lock
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/rust/Cargo.toml b/rust/Cargo.toml
deleted file mode 100644
index 8cbb5684..00000000
--- a/rust/Cargo.toml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,166 +0,0 @@
-[workspace]
-resolver = "3"
-members = [
-    "discovery",
-    "exo_pyo3_bindings",
-    "master_election",
-    "util",
-    "util/fn_pipe",
-    "util/fn_pipe/proc",
-]
-
-[workspace.package]
-version = "0.0.1"
-edition = "2024"
-
-[profile.dev]
-opt-level = 1
-debug = true
-
-[profile.release]
-opt-level = 3
-
-# Common shared dependendencies configured once at the workspace
-# level, to be re-used more easily across workspace member crates.
-#
-# Common configurations include versions, paths, features, etc.
-[workspace.dependencies]
-## Crate members as common dependencies
-discovery = { path = "discovery" }
-master_election = { path = "master_election" }
-util = { path = "util" }
-exo_pyo3_bindings = { path = "exo_pyo3_bindings" }
-fn_pipe = { path = "util/fn_pipe" }
-fn_pipe_proc = { path = "util/fn_pipe/proc" }
-
-
-# Proc-macro authoring tools
-syn = "2.0"
-quote = "1.0"
-proc-macro2 = "1.0"
-darling = "0.20"
-# Macro dependecies
-extend = "1.2"
-delegate = "0.13"
-impl-trait-for-tuples = "0.2"
-clap = "4.5"
-derive_more = { version = "2.0.1", features = ["display"] }
-# Utility dependencies
-itertools = "0.14"
-thiserror = "2"
-internment = "0.8"
-recursion = "0.5"
-regex = "1.11"
-once_cell = "1.21"
-thread_local = "1.1"
-bon = "3.4"
-generativity = "1.1"
-anyhow = "1.0"
-keccak-const = "0.2"
-# Functional generics/lenses frameworks
-frunk_core = "0.4"
-frunk = "0.4"
-frunk_utils = "0.2"
-frunk-enum-core = "0.3"
-# Async dependencies
-tokio = "1.46"
-futures = "0.3"
-futures-util = "0.3"
-# Data structures
-either = "1.15"
-ordered-float = "5.0"
-ahash = "0.8"
-# networking
-libp2p = "0.56"
-libp2p-tcp = "0.44"
-# interop
-pyo3 = "0.25"
-#pyo3-stub-gen = { git = "https://github.com/Jij-Inc/pyo3-stub-gen.git", rev = "d2626600e52452e71095c57e721514de748d419d" } # v0.11 not yet published to crates
-pyo3-stub-gen = { git = "https://github.com/cstruct/pyo3-stub-gen.git", rev = "a935099276fa2d273496a2759d4af7177a6acd57" } # This fork adds support for type overrides => not merged yet!!!
-pyo3-async-runtimes = "0.25"
-
-[workspace.lints.rust]
-static_mut_refs = "warn"      # Or use "warn" instead of deny
-incomplete_features = "allow"
-
-# Clippy's lint category level configurations;
-# every member crate needs to inherit these by adding
-#
-#     ```toml
-#     [lints]
-#     workspace = true
-#     ```
-#
-# to their `Cargo.toml` files
-[workspace.lints.clippy]
-# Clippy lint categories meant to be enabled all at once
-correctness = { level = "deny", priority = -1 }
-suspicious = { level = "warn", priority = -1 }
-style = { level = "warn", priority = -1 }
-complexity = { level = "warn", priority = -1 }
-perf = { level = "warn", priority = -1 }
-pedantic = { level = "warn", priority = -1 }
-nursery = { level = "warn", priority = -1 }
-cargo = { level = "warn", priority = -1 }
-
-# Individual Clippy lints from the `restriction` category
-arithmetic_side_effects = "warn"
-as_conversions = "warn"
-assertions_on_result_states = "warn"
-clone_on_ref_ptr = "warn"
-decimal_literal_representation = "warn"
-default_union_representation = "warn"
-deref_by_slicing = "warn"
-disallowed_script_idents = "deny"
-else_if_without_else = "warn"
-empty_enum_variants_with_brackets = "warn"
-empty_structs_with_brackets = "warn"
-error_impl_error = "warn"
-exit = "deny"
-expect_used = "warn"
-float_cmp_const = "warn"
-get_unwrap = "warn"
-if_then_some_else_none = "warn"
-impl_trait_in_params = "warn"
-indexing_slicing = "warn"
-infinite_loop = "warn"
-let_underscore_must_use = "warn"
-let_underscore_untyped = "warn"
-lossy_float_literal = "warn"
-mem_forget = "warn"
-missing_inline_in_public_items = "warn"
-multiple_inherent_impl = "warn"
-multiple_unsafe_ops_per_block = "warn"
-mutex_atomic = "warn"
-non_zero_suggestions = "warn"
-panic = "warn"
-partial_pub_fields = "warn"
-pattern_type_mismatch = "warn"
-pub_without_shorthand = "warn"
-rc_buffer = "warn"
-rc_mutex = "warn"
-redundant_type_annotations = "warn"
-renamed_function_params = "warn"
-rest_pat_in_fully_bound_structs = "warn"
-same_name_method = "warn"
-self_named_module_files = "deny"
-semicolon_inside_block = "warn"
-shadow_same = "warn"
-shadow_unrelated = "warn"
-str_to_string = "warn"
-string_add = "warn"
-string_lit_chars_any = "warn"
-string_to_string = "warn"
-tests_outside_test_module = "warn"
-todo = "warn"
-try_err = "warn"
-undocumented_unsafe_blocks = "warn"
-unnecessary_safety_comment = "warn"
-unnecessary_safety_doc = "warn"
-unneeded_field_pattern = "warn"
-unseparated_literal_suffix = "warn"
-unused_result_ok = "warn"
-unused_trait_names = "warn"
-unwrap_used = "warn"
-verbose_file_reads = "warn"
-static_mut_refs = "warn"
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/rust/clippy.toml b/rust/clippy.toml
deleted file mode 100644
index 6d5a6187..00000000
--- a/rust/clippy.toml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-# we can manually exclude false-positive lint errors for dual packages (if in dependencies)
-#allowed-duplicate-crates = ["hashbrown"]
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/rust/discovery/Cargo.toml b/rust/discovery/Cargo.toml
deleted file mode 100644
index ff94a8be..00000000
--- a/rust/discovery/Cargo.toml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-[package]
-name = "discovery"
-version = { workspace = true }
-edition = { workspace = true }
-publish = false
-
-[lib]
-doctest = false
-name = "discovery"
-path = "src/lib.rs"
-
-[lints]
-workspace = true
-
-[dependencies]
-# macro dependencies
-extend = { workspace = true }
-delegate = { workspace = true }
-impl-trait-for-tuples = { workspace = true }
-derive_more = { workspace = true }
-
-# Async
-tokio = { workspace = true, features = ["full"] }
-futures = { workspace = true }
-
-# utility dependencies
-#util = { workspace = true }
-#fn_pipe = { workspace = true }
-thiserror = { workspace = true }
-#internment = { workspace = true }
-#recursion = { workspace = true }
-#generativity = { workspace = true }
-#itertools = { workspace = true }
-tracing-subscriber = { version = "0.3.19", features = ["default", "env-filter"] }
-keccak-const = { workspace = true }
-log = "0.4"
-
-# Networking
-libp2p = { workspace = true, features = ["full"] }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/rust/discovery/src/behaviour.rs b/rust/discovery/src/behaviour.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index 382fe241..00000000
--- a/rust/discovery/src/behaviour.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,244 +0,0 @@
-use crate::alias::AnyResult;
-use libp2p::core::Endpoint;
-use libp2p::core::transport::PortUse;
-use libp2p::swarm::derive_prelude::Either;
-use libp2p::swarm::{
-    ConnectionDenied, ConnectionHandler, ConnectionHandlerSelect, ConnectionId, FromSwarm,
-    NetworkBehaviour, THandler, THandlerInEvent, THandlerOutEvent, ToSwarm,
-};
-use libp2p::{Multiaddr, PeerId, gossipsub, identity, mdns};
-use std::fmt;
-use std::fmt::Debug;
-use std::hash::{DefaultHasher, Hash, Hasher};
-use std::time::Duration;
-
-/// Custom network behavior for `discovery` network; it combines [`mdns::tokio::Behaviour`] for
-/// the actual mDNS discovery, and [`gossipsub::Behaviour`] for PubSub functionality.
-#[derive(NetworkBehaviour)]
-pub struct DiscoveryBehaviour {
-    pub mdns: mdns::tokio::Behaviour,
-    pub gossipsub: gossipsub::Behaviour,
-}
-
-// #[doc = "`NetworkBehaviour::ToSwarm` produced by DiscoveryBehaviour."]
-// pub enum DiscoveryBehaviourEvent {
-//     Mdns(<mdns::tokio::Behaviour as NetworkBehaviour>::ToSwarm),
-//     Gossipsub(<gossipsub::Behaviour as NetworkBehaviour>::ToSwarm),
-// }
-// impl Debug for DiscoveryBehaviourEvent
-// where
-//     <mdns::tokio::Behaviour as NetworkBehaviour>::ToSwarm: Debug,
-//     <gossipsub::Behaviour as NetworkBehaviour>::ToSwarm: Debug,
-// {
-//     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), fmt::Error> {
-//         match &self {
-//             DiscoveryBehaviourEvent::Mdns(event) => {
-//                 f.write_fmt(format_args!("{}: {:?}", "DiscoveryBehaviourEvent", event))
-//             }
-//             DiscoveryBehaviourEvent::Gossipsub(event) => {
-//                 f.write_fmt(format_args!("{}: {:?}", "DiscoveryBehaviourEvent", event))
-//             }
-//         }
-//     }
-// }
-// impl NetworkBehaviour for DiscoveryBehaviour
-// where
-//     mdns::tokio::Behaviour: NetworkBehaviour,
-//     gossipsub::Behaviour: NetworkBehaviour,
-// {
-//     type ConnectionHandler =
-//         ConnectionHandlerSelect<THandler<mdns::tokio::Behaviour>, THandler<gossipsub::Behaviour>>;
-//     type ToSwarm = DiscoveryBehaviourEvent;
-//     #[allow(clippy::needless_question_mark)]
-//     fn handle_pending_inbound_connection(
-//         &mut self,
-//         connection_id: ConnectionId,
-//         local_addr: &Multiaddr,
-//         remote_addr: &Multiaddr,
-//     ) -> Result<(), ConnectionDenied> {
-//         NetworkBehaviour::handle_pending_inbound_connection(
-//             &mut self.mdns,
-//             connection_id,
-//             local_addr,
-//             remote_addr,
-//         )?;
-//         NetworkBehaviour::handle_pending_inbound_connection(
-//             &mut self.gossipsub,
-//             connection_id,
-//             local_addr,
-//             remote_addr,
-//         )?;
-//         Ok(())
-//     }
-//     #[allow(clippy::needless_question_mark)]
-//     fn handle_established_inbound_connection(
-//         &mut self,
-//         connection_id: ConnectionId,
-//         peer: PeerId,
-//         local_addr: &Multiaddr,
-//         remote_addr: &Multiaddr,
-//     ) -> Result<THandler<Self>, ConnectionDenied> {
-//         Ok(ConnectionHandler::select(
-//             self.mdns.handle_established_inbound_connection(
-//                 connection_id,
-//                 peer,
-//                 local_addr,
-//                 remote_addr,
-//             )?,
-//             self.gossipsub.handle_established_inbound_connection(
-//                 connection_id,
-//                 peer,
-//                 local_addr,
-//                 remote_addr,
-//             )?,
-//         ))
-//     }
-//     #[allow(clippy::needless_question_mark)]
-//     fn handle_pending_outbound_connection(
-//         &mut self,
-//         connection_id: ConnectionId,
-//         maybe_peer: Option<PeerId>,
-//         addresses: &[Multiaddr],
-//         effective_role: Endpoint,
-//     ) -> Result<Vec<Multiaddr>, ConnectionDenied> {
-//         let mut combined_addresses = Vec::new();
-//         combined_addresses.extend(NetworkBehaviour::handle_pending_outbound_connection(
-//             &mut self.mdns,
-//             connection_id,
-//             maybe_peer,
-//             addresses,
-//             effective_role,
-//         )?);
-//         combined_addresses.extend(NetworkBehaviour::handle_pending_outbound_connection(
-//             &mut self.gossipsub,
-//             connection_id,
-//             maybe_peer,
-//             addresses,
-//             effective_role,
-//         )?);
-//         Ok(combined_addresses)
-//     }
-//     #[allow(clippy::needless_question_mark)]
-//     fn handle_established_outbound_connection(
-//         &mut self,
-//         connection_id: ConnectionId,
-//         peer: PeerId,
-//         addr: &Multiaddr,
-//         role_override: Endpoint,
-//         port_use: PortUse,
-//     ) -> Result<THandler<Self>, ConnectionDenied> {
-//         Ok(ConnectionHandler::select(
-//             self.mdns.handle_established_outbound_connection(
-//                 connection_id,
-//                 peer,
-//                 addr,
-//                 role_override,
-//                 port_use,
-//             )?,
-//             self.gossipsub.handle_established_outbound_connection(
-//                 connection_id,
-//                 peer,
-//                 addr,
-//                 role_override,
-//                 port_use,
-//             )?,
-//         ))
-//     }
-//     fn on_swarm_event(&mut self, event: FromSwarm) {
-//         self.mdns.on_swarm_event(event);
-//         self.gossipsub.on_swarm_event(event);
-//     }
-//     fn on_connection_handler_event(
-//         &mut self,
-//         peer_id: PeerId,
-//         connection_id: ConnectionId,
-//         event: THandlerOutEvent<Self>,
-//     ) {
-//         match event {
-//             Either::Left(ev) => NetworkBehaviour::on_connection_handler_event(
-//                 &mut self.mdns,
-//                 peer_id,
-//                 connection_id,
-//                 ev,
-//             ),
-//             Either::Right(ev) => NetworkBehaviour::on_connection_handler_event(
-//                 &mut self.gossipsub,
-//                 peer_id,
-//                 connection_id,
-//                 ev,
-//             ),
-//         }
-//     }
-//     fn poll(
-//         &mut self,
-//         cx: &mut std::task::Context,
-//     ) -> std::task::Poll<ToSwarm<Self::ToSwarm, THandlerInEvent<Self>>> {
-//         match NetworkBehaviour::poll(&mut self.mdns, cx) {
-//             std::task::Poll::Ready(e) => {
-//                 return std::task::Poll::Ready(
-//                     e.map_out(DiscoveryBehaviourEvent::Mdns)
-//                         .map_in(|event| Either::Left(event)),
-//                 );
-//             }
-//             std::task::Poll::Pending => {}
-//         }
-//         match NetworkBehaviour::poll(&mut self.gossipsub, cx) {
-//             std::task::Poll::Ready(e) => {
-//                 return std::task::Poll::Ready(
-//                     e.map_out(DiscoveryBehaviourEvent::Gossipsub)
-//                         .map_in(|event| Either::Right(event)),
-//                 );
-//             }
-//             std::task::Poll::Pending => {}
-//         }
-//         std::task::Poll::Pending
-//     }
-// }
-
-fn mdns_behaviour(keypair: &identity::Keypair) -> AnyResult<mdns::tokio::Behaviour> {
-    use mdns::{Config, tokio};
-
-    // mDNS config => enable IPv6
-    let mdns_config = Config {
-        enable_ipv6: true,
-        ..Default::default()
-    };
-
-    let mdns_behaviour = tokio::Behaviour::new(mdns_config, keypair.public().to_peer_id());
-    Ok(mdns_behaviour?)
-}
-
-fn gossipsub_behaviour(keypair: &identity::Keypair) -> AnyResult<gossipsub::Behaviour> {
-    use gossipsub::ConfigBuilder;
-
-    // To content-address message, we can take the hash of message and use it as an ID.
-    let message_id_fn = |message: &gossipsub::Message| {
-        let mut s = DefaultHasher::new();
-        message.data.hash(&mut s);
-        gossipsub::MessageId::from(s.finish().to_string())
-    };
-
-    let gossipsub_config = ConfigBuilder::default()
-        // .mesh_n_low(1
-        .mesh_n(1) // this is for debugging!!! change to 6
-        // .mesh_n_for_topic(1, topic.hash()) // this is for debugging!!! change to 6
-        // .mesh_n_high(1)
-        .heartbeat_interval(Duration::from_secs(10)) // This is set to aid debugging by not cluttering the log space
-        .validation_mode(gossipsub::ValidationMode::None) // This sets the kind of message validation. Skip signing for speed.
-        .message_id_fn(message_id_fn) // content-address messages. No two messages of the same content will be propagated.
-        .build()?; // Temporary hack because `build` does not return a proper `std::error::Error`.
-
-    // build a gossipsub network behaviour
-    let gossipsub_behavior = gossipsub::Behaviour::new(
-        gossipsub::MessageAuthenticity::Signed(keypair.clone()),
-        gossipsub_config,
-    )?;
-    Ok(gossipsub_behavior)
-}
-
-pub fn discovery_behaviour(keypair: &identity::Keypair) -> AnyResult<DiscoveryBehaviour> {
-    Ok(DiscoveryBehaviour {
-        gossipsub: gossipsub_behaviour(keypair)?,
-        mdns: mdns_behaviour(keypair)?,
-    })
-}
diff --git a/rust/discovery/src/lib.rs b/rust/discovery/src/lib.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index b1a5abdc..00000000
--- a/rust/discovery/src/lib.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,149 +0,0 @@
-//! TODO: crate documentation
-//!
-//! this is here as a placeholder documentation
-//!
-//!
-
-// enable Rust-unstable features for convenience
-#![feature(trait_alias)]
-// #![feature(stmt_expr_attributes)]
-// #![feature(unboxed_closures)]
-// #![feature(assert_matches)]
-// #![feature(async_fn_in_dyn_trait)]
-// #![feature(async_for_loop)]
-// #![feature(auto_traits)]
-// #![feature(negative_impls)]
-
-use crate::behaviour::{discovery_behaviour, DiscoveryBehaviour};
-use crate::transport::discovery_transport;
-use libp2p::{identity, Swarm, SwarmBuilder};
-use std::net::IpAddr;
-
-pub mod behaviour;
-pub mod transport;
-
-/// Namespace for all the type/trait aliases used by this crate.
-pub(crate) mod alias {
-    use std::error::Error;
-
-    pub type AnyError = Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync + 'static>;
-    pub type AnyResult<T> = Result<T, AnyError>;
-}
-
-/// Namespace for crate-wide extension traits/methods
-pub(crate) mod ext {}
-
-pub(crate) mod private {
-    /// Sealed traits support
-    pub trait Sealed {}
-    impl<T: ?Sized> Sealed for T {}
-}
-
-/// Create and configure a swarm, and start listening to all ports/OS.
-#[inline]
-pub fn discovery_swarm(keypair: identity::Keypair) -> alias::AnyResult<Swarm<DiscoveryBehaviour>> {
-    let peer_id = keypair.public().to_peer_id();
-    log::info!("RUST: Creating discovery swarm with peer_id: {}", peer_id);
-    let mut swarm = SwarmBuilder::with_existing_identity(keypair)
-        .with_tokio()
-        .with_other_transport(discovery_transport)?
-        .with_behaviour(discovery_behaviour)?
-        .build();
-
-    // Listen on IPv4
-    let listen_addr_ipv4 = "/ip4/0.0.0.0/tcp/0".parse()?;
-    log::info!("RUST: Attempting to listen on: {}", listen_addr_ipv4);
-    swarm.listen_on(listen_addr_ipv4)?;
-
-    // Listen on IPv6 - try but don't fail if not available
-    let listen_addr_ipv6 = "/ip6/::/tcp/0".parse()?;
-    log::info!("RUST: Attempting to listen on: {}", listen_addr_ipv6);
-    match swarm.listen_on(listen_addr_ipv6) {
-        Ok(_) => log::info!("RUST: Successfully listening on IPv6"),
-        Err(e) => log::warn!("RUST: Failed to listen on IPv6 (this is okay if IPv6 is not available): {:?}", e),
-    }
-
-    Ok(swarm)
-}
-
-// TODO:  - ensure that all changes to connections means a Disconnect/Reconnect event fired, i.e. if it switched IPs slighty or something
-//        - ensure that all links are unique, i.e. each connection has some kind of uniquely identifiable hash/multiaddress/whatever => temporally unique???
-//        - need pnet config, so that forwarder & discovery don't interfere with each-other
-//        - discovery network needs persistence, so swarm created from existing identity (passed as arg)
-//        - connect/disconnect events etc. should be handled with callbacks
-//        - DON'T need gossipsub JUST yet, only mDNS for discovery => potentially use something else instead of gossipsub
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use crate::alias::AnyResult;
-    use crate::behaviour::DiscoveryBehaviourEvent;
-    use crate::discovery_swarm;
-    use futures::stream::StreamExt as _;
-    use libp2p::{gossipsub, identity, mdns, swarm::SwarmEvent};
-    use std::hash::Hash;
-    use tokio::{io, io::AsyncBufReadExt as _, select};
-    use tracing_subscriber::filter::LevelFilter;
-    use tracing_subscriber::util::SubscriberInitExt as _;
-    use tracing_subscriber::EnvFilter;
-
-    #[tokio::test]
-    async fn chatroom_test() -> AnyResult<()> {
-        let _ = tracing_subscriber::fmt()
-            .with_env_filter(EnvFilter::from_default_env().add_directive(LevelFilter::DEBUG.into()))
-            .try_init();
-
-        // Configure swarm
-        let mut swarm = discovery_swarm(identity::Keypair::generate_ed25519())?;
-
-        // Create a Gossipsub topic & subscribe
-        let topic = gossipsub::IdentTopic::new("test-net");
-        swarm.behaviour_mut().gossipsub.subscribe(&topic)?;
-
-        // Read full lines from stdin
-        let mut stdin = io::BufReader::new(io::stdin()).lines();
-        println!(
-            "Enter messages via STDIN and they will be sent to connected peers using Gossipsub"
-        );
-
-        // Kick it off
-        loop {
-            select! {
-                Ok(Some(line)) = stdin.next_line() => {
-                    if let Err(e) = swarm
-                        .behaviour_mut().gossipsub
-                        .publish(topic.clone(), line.as_bytes()) {
-                        println!("Publish error: {e:?}");
-                    }
-                }
-                event = swarm.select_next_some() => match event {
-                    SwarmEvent::Behaviour(DiscoveryBehaviourEvent::Mdns(mdns::Event::Discovered(list))) => {
-                        for (peer_id, multiaddr) in list {
-                            println!("mDNS discovered a new peer: {peer_id} on {multiaddr}");
-                            swarm.behaviour_mut().gossipsub.add_explicit_peer(&peer_id);
-                        }
-                    },
-                    SwarmEvent::Behaviour(DiscoveryBehaviourEvent::Mdns(mdns::Event::Expired(list))) => {
-                        for (peer_id, multiaddr) in list {
-                            println!("mDNS discover peer has expired: {peer_id} on {multiaddr}");
-                            swarm.behaviour_mut().gossipsub.remove_explicit_peer(&peer_id);
-                        }
-                    },
-                    SwarmEvent::Behaviour(DiscoveryBehaviourEvent::Gossipsub(gossipsub::Event::Message {
-                        propagation_source: peer_id,
-                        message_id: id,
-                        message,
-                    })) => println!(
-                            "\n\nGot message: '{}' with id: {id} from peer: {peer_id}\n\n",
-                            String::from_utf8_lossy(&message.data),
-                        ),
-                    SwarmEvent::NewListenAddr { address, .. } => {
-                        println!("Local node is listening on {address}");
-                    }
-                    e => {
-                        println!("Other event {e:?}");
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
diff --git a/rust/discovery/src/transport.rs b/rust/discovery/src/transport.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index 189d65c5..00000000
--- a/rust/discovery/src/transport.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,81 +0,0 @@
-use crate::alias::AnyResult;
-use futures::{AsyncRead, AsyncWrite};
-use keccak_const::Sha3_256;
-use libp2p::{
-    core::{muxing, transport::Boxed}, identity,
-    noise,
-    pnet, quic, yamux, PeerId, Transport as _,
-};
-use std::any::Any;
-
-/// Key used for discovery's private network. See [`pnet_upgrade`] for more.
-const PNET_PRESHARED_KEY: [u8; 32] = Sha3_256::new().update(b"exo_discovery_network").finalize();
-
-/// Make `discovery` run on a private network, as to not clash with the `forwarder` network.
-/// This is implemented as an additional "upgrade" ontop of existing [`libp2p::Transport`] layers.
-fn pnet_upgrade<Socket>(
-    socket: Socket,
-    _ignored: impl Any,
-) -> impl Future<Output = Result<pnet::PnetOutput<Socket>, pnet::PnetError>>
-where
-    Socket: AsyncRead + AsyncWrite + Send + Unpin + 'static,
-{
-    pnet::PnetConfig::new(pnet::PreSharedKey::new(PNET_PRESHARED_KEY)).handshake(socket)
-}
-
-/// TCP/IP transport layer configuration.
-fn tcp_transport(
-    keypair: &identity::Keypair,
-) -> AnyResult<Boxed<(PeerId, muxing::StreamMuxerBox)>> {
-    use libp2p::{
-        core::upgrade::Version,
-        tcp::{tokio, Config},
-    };
-
-    // `TCP_NODELAY` enabled => avoid latency
-    let tcp_config = Config::default()
-        .nodelay(true);
-
-    // V1 + lazy flushing => 0-RTT negotiation
-    let upgrade_version = Version::V1Lazy;
-
-    // Noise is faster than TLS + we don't care much for security
-    let noise_config = noise::Config::new(keypair)?;
-    //let tls_config = tls::Config::new(keypair)?; // TODO: add this in if needed?? => look into how `.with_tcp` does it...
-
-    // Use default Yamux config for multiplexing
-    let yamux_config = yamux::Config::default();
-
-    // Create new Tokio-driven TCP/IP transport layer
-    let base_transport = tokio::Transport::new(tcp_config)
-        .and_then(pnet_upgrade)
-        .upgrade(upgrade_version)
-        .authenticate(noise_config)
-        .multiplex(yamux_config);
-
-    // Return boxed transport (to flatten complex type)
-    Ok(base_transport.boxed())
-}
-
-/// QUIC transport layer configuration.
-fn quic_transport(keypair: &identity::Keypair) -> Boxed<(PeerId, quic::Connection)> {
-    use libp2p::quic::{tokio, Config};
-
-    let quic_config = Config::new(keypair);
-    let base_transport = tokio::Transport::new(quic_config).boxed();
-    //.and_then(); // As of now, QUIC doesn't support PNet's.., ;( TODO: figure out in future how to do
-    unimplemented!("you cannot use this yet !!!");
-    base_transport
-}
-
-/// Overall composed transport-layer configuration for the `discovery` network.
-pub fn discovery_transport(
-    keypair: &identity::Keypair,
-) -> AnyResult<Boxed<(PeerId, muxing::StreamMuxerBox)>> {
-    // TODO: when QUIC is figured out with PNET, re-enable this
-    // Ok(tcp_transport(keypair)?
-    //     .or_transport(quic_transport(keypair))
-    //     .boxed())
-
-    tcp_transport(keypair)
-}
diff --git a/rust/discovery/tests/dummy.rs b/rust/discovery/tests/dummy.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index d82c6eb1..00000000
--- a/rust/discovery/tests/dummy.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-// maybe this will hold test in the future...??
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    #[test]
-    fn does_nothing() {
-    }
-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/rust/exo_pyo3_bindings/Cargo.toml b/rust/exo_pyo3_bindings/Cargo.toml
deleted file mode 100644
index db37d027..00000000
--- a/rust/exo_pyo3_bindings/Cargo.toml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,76 +0,0 @@
-[package]
-name = "exo_pyo3_bindings"
-version = { workspace = true }
-edition = { workspace = true }
-publish = false
-
-[lib]
-doctest = false
-path = "src/lib.rs"
-name = "exo_pyo3_bindings"
-
-# "cdylib" needed to produce shared library for Python to import
-# "rlib" needed for stub-gen to run
-crate-type = ["cdylib", "rlib"]
-
-[[bin]]
-path = "src/bin/stub_gen.rs"
-name = "stub_gen"
-doc = false
-
-[lints]
-workspace = true
-
-[dependencies]
-discovery = { workspace = true }
-
-# interop
-pyo3 = { workspace = true, features = [
-    "abi3-py311", # tells pyo3 (and maturin) to build using the stable ABI with minimum Python version 3.11
-    "nightly", # enables better-supported GIL integration
-    "experimental-async", # async support in #[pyfunction] & #[pymethods]
-    #"experimental-inspect", # inspection of generated binary => easier to automate type-hint generation
-    #"py-clone", # adding Clone-ing of `Py<T>` without GIL (may cause panics - remove if panics happen)
-    "multiple-pymethods", # allows multiple #[pymethods] sections per class
-
-    # integrations with other libraries
-    "arc_lock", "bigdecimal", "either", "hashbrown", "indexmap", "num-bigint", "num-complex", "num-rational",
-    "ordered-float", "rust_decimal", "smallvec",
-    # "anyhow", "chrono", "chrono-local", "chrono-tz", "eyre", "jiff-02", "lock_api", "parking-lot", "time",  "serde",
-] }
-pyo3-stub-gen = { workspace = true }
-pyo3-async-runtimes = { workspace = true, features = ["attributes", "tokio-runtime", "testing"] }
-
-# macro dependencies
-extend = { workspace = true }
-delegate = { workspace = true }
-impl-trait-for-tuples = { workspace = true }
-derive_more = { workspace = true }
-
-# async runtime
-tokio = { workspace = true, features = ["full", "tracing"] }
-
-# utility dependencies
-once_cell = "1.21.3"
-thread_local = "1.1.9"
-#util = { workspace = true }
-#fn_pipe = { workspace = true }
-thiserror = { workspace = true }
-#internment = { workspace = true }
-#recursion = { workspace = true }
-#generativity = { workspace = true }
-#itertools = { workspace = true }
-
-
-# Tracing
-#tracing = "0.1"
-#tracing-subscriber = "0.3"
-#console-subscriber = "0.1.5"
-#tracing-log = "0.2.0"
-env_logger = "0.11"
-log = "0.4"
-pyo3-log = "0.12"
-
-
-# Networking
-libp2p = { workspace = true, features = ["full"] }
diff --git a/rust/exo_pyo3_bindings/README.md b/rust/exo_pyo3_bindings/README.md
deleted file mode 100644
index e739dd89..00000000
--- a/rust/exo_pyo3_bindings/README.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-TODO: do something here....
diff --git a/rust/exo_pyo3_bindings/exo_pyo3_bindings.pyi b/rust/exo_pyo3_bindings/exo_pyo3_bindings.pyi
deleted file mode 100644
index 49ae35f1..00000000
--- a/rust/exo_pyo3_bindings/exo_pyo3_bindings.pyi
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,170 +0,0 @@
-# This file is automatically generated by pyo3_stub_gen
-# ruff: noqa: E501, F401
-
-import builtins
-import collections.abc
-
-class ConnectionId:
-    r"""
-    TODO: documentation...
-    """
-    @staticmethod
-    def new_unchecked(id:builtins.int) -> ConnectionId:
-        r"""
-        TODO: documentation
-        """
-    def __repr__(self) -> builtins.str: ...
-    def __str__(self) -> builtins.str: ...
-
-class ConnectionUpdate:
-    @property
-    def peer_id(self) -> PeerId:
-        r"""
-        Identity of the peer that we have connected to.
-        """
-    @property
-    def connection_id(self) -> ConnectionId:
-        r"""
-        Identifier of the connection.
-        """
-    @property
-    def local_addr(self) -> Multiaddr:
-        r"""
-        Local connection address.
-        """
-    @property
-    def send_back_addr(self) -> Multiaddr:
-        r"""
-        Address used to send back data to the remote.
-        """
-
-class DiscoveryService:
-    def __new__(cls, identity:Keypair) -> DiscoveryService: ...
-    def add_connected_callback(self, callback:collections.abc.Callable[[ConnectionUpdate], None]) -> None: ...
-    def add_disconnected_callback(self, callback:collections.abc.Callable[[ConnectionUpdate], None]) -> None: ...
-
-class Keypair:
-    r"""
-    TODO: documentation...
-    """
-    @staticmethod
-    def generate_ed25519() -> Keypair:
-        r"""
-        TODO: documentation
-        """
-    @staticmethod
-    def generate_ecdsa() -> Keypair:
-        r"""
-        TODO: documentation
-        """
-    @staticmethod
-    def generate_secp256k1() -> Keypair:
-        r"""
-        TODO: documentation
-        """
-    @staticmethod
-    def from_protobuf_encoding(bytes:bytes) -> Keypair:
-        r"""
-        TODO: documentation
-        """
-    @staticmethod
-    def rsa_from_pkcs8(bytes:bytes) -> Keypair:
-        r"""
-        TODO: documentation
-        """
-    @staticmethod
-    def secp256k1_from_der(bytes:bytes) -> Keypair:
-        r"""
-        TODO: documentation
-        """
-    @staticmethod
-    def ed25519_from_bytes(bytes:bytes) -> Keypair:
-        r"""
-        TODO: documentation
-        """
-    @staticmethod
-    def ecdsa_from_bytes(bytes:bytes) -> Keypair:
-        r"""
-        TODO: documentation
-        """
-    def to_protobuf_encoding(self) -> bytes:
-        r"""
-        TODO: documentation
-        """
-    def to_peer_id(self) -> PeerId:
-        r"""
-        TODO: documentation
-        """
-
-class Multiaddr:
-    r"""
-    TODO: documentation...
-    """
-    @staticmethod
-    def empty() -> Multiaddr:
-        r"""
-        TODO: documentation
-        """
-    @staticmethod
-    def with_capacity(n:builtins.int) -> Multiaddr:
-        r"""
-        TODO: documentation
-        """
-    @staticmethod
-    def from_bytes(bytes:bytes) -> Multiaddr:
-        r"""
-        TODO: documentation
-        """
-    @staticmethod
-    def from_string(string:builtins.str) -> Multiaddr:
-        r"""
-        TODO: documentation
-        """
-    def len(self) -> builtins.int:
-        r"""
-        TODO: documentation
-        """
-    def is_empty(self) -> builtins.bool:
-        r"""
-        TODO: documentation
-        """
-    def to_bytes(self) -> bytes:
-        r"""
-        TODO: documentation
-        """
-    def to_string(self) -> builtins.str:
-        r"""
-        TODO: documentation
-        """
-
-class PeerId:
-    r"""
-    TODO: documentation...
-    """
-    @staticmethod
-    def random() -> PeerId:
-        r"""
-        TODO: documentation
-        """
-    @staticmethod
-    def from_bytes(bytes:bytes) -> PeerId:
-        r"""
-        TODO: documentation
-        """
-    def to_bytes(self) -> bytes:
-        r"""
-        TODO: documentation
-        """
-    def to_base58(self) -> builtins.str:
-        r"""
-        TODO: documentation
-        """
-    def __repr__(self) -> builtins.str:
-        r"""
-        TODO: documentation
-        """
-    def __str__(self) -> builtins.str:
-        r"""
-        TODO: documentation
-        """
-
diff --git a/rust/exo_pyo3_bindings/pyproject.toml b/rust/exo_pyo3_bindings/pyproject.toml
deleted file mode 100644
index 1adf83a1..00000000
--- a/rust/exo_pyo3_bindings/pyproject.toml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-[build-system]
-requires = ["maturin>=1.0,<2.0"]
-build-backend = "maturin"
-
-[project]
-name = "exo_pyo3_bindings"
-version = "0.1.0"
-description = "Add your description here"
-readme = "README.md"
-authors = [
-    { name = "Andrei Cravtov", email = "the.andrei.cravtov@gmail.com" }
-]
-requires-python = ">=3.13"
-dependencies = []
-
-[dependency-groups]
-dev = [
-    "exo_pyo3_bindings",
-    "pytest>=8.4.0",
-    "pytest-asyncio>=1.0.0",
-]
-
-#[project.scripts]
-#networking = "rust-bindings:main"
-
-[tool.maturin]
-#purelib = true
-#python-source = "python"
-module-name = "exo_pyo3_bindings"
-features = ["pyo3/extension-module", "pyo3/experimental-async"]
-
-[tool.pytest.ini_options]
-log_cli = true
-log_cli_level = "INFO"
-asyncio_mode = "auto"
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/rust/exo_pyo3_bindings/src/bin/stub_gen.rs b/rust/exo_pyo3_bindings/src/bin/stub_gen.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index ac979ea5..00000000
--- a/rust/exo_pyo3_bindings/src/bin/stub_gen.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,32 +0,0 @@
-use pyo3_stub_gen::Result;
-
-fn main() -> Result<()> {
-    let body = async {
-        env_logger::Builder::from_env(env_logger::Env::default().filter_or("RUST_LOG", "info"))
-            .init();
-        let stub = exo_pyo3_bindings::stub_info()?;
-        stub.generate()?;
-        Ok(())
-    };
-    #[allow(
-        clippy::expect_used,
-        clippy::diverging_sub_expression,
-        clippy::needless_return
-    )]
-    {
-        let runtime = tokio::runtime::Builder::new_multi_thread()
-            .enable_all()
-            .build()
-            .expect("Failed building the Runtime");
-
-        let a = runtime.handle();
-
-        return runtime.block_on(body);
-    }
-}
-
-// fn main() -> Result<()> {
-//     let stub = python_bindings::stub_info()?;
-//     stub.generate()?;
-//     Ok(())
-// }
diff --git a/rust/exo_pyo3_bindings/src/discovery.rs b/rust/exo_pyo3_bindings/src/discovery.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index 37772807..00000000
--- a/rust/exo_pyo3_bindings/src/discovery.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,520 +0,0 @@
-#![allow(
-    clippy::multiple_inherent_impl,
-    clippy::unnecessary_wraps,
-    clippy::unused_self,
-    clippy::needless_pass_by_value
-)]
-
-use crate::ext::ResultExt;
-use crate::pylibp2p::connection::PyConnectionId;
-use crate::pylibp2p::ident::{PyKeypair, PyPeerId};
-use crate::pylibp2p::multiaddr::PyMultiaddr;
-use crate::{MPSC_CHANNEL_SIZE, alias, pyclass};
-use discovery::behaviour::{DiscoveryBehaviour, DiscoveryBehaviourEvent};
-use discovery::discovery_swarm;
-use libp2p::core::ConnectedPoint;
-use libp2p::futures::StreamExt;
-use libp2p::multiaddr::multiaddr;
-use libp2p::swarm::dial_opts::DialOpts;
-use libp2p::swarm::{ConnectionId, SwarmEvent, ToSwarm};
-use libp2p::{Multiaddr, PeerId, Swarm, gossipsub, mdns};
-use std::net::IpAddr;
-use pyo3::prelude::{PyModule, PyModuleMethods as _};
-use pyo3::{Bound, Py, PyObject, PyResult, PyTraverseError, PyVisit, Python, pymethods};
-use pyo3_stub_gen::derive::{gen_stub_pyclass, gen_stub_pymethods};
-use std::convert::identity;
-use std::error::Error;
-use tokio::sync::mpsc;
-use tokio::time::{interval, Duration};
-
-struct ConnectionUpdate {
-    /// Identity of the peer that we have connected to.
-    peer_id: PeerId,
-    /// Identifier of the connection.
-    connection_id: ConnectionId,
-    /// Local connection address.
-    local_addr: Multiaddr,
-    /// Address used to send back data to the remote.
-    send_back_addr: Multiaddr,
-}
-
-#[gen_stub_pyclass]
-#[pyclass(frozen, name = "ConnectionUpdate")]
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
-struct PyConnectionUpdate {
-    /// Identity of the peer that we have connected to.
-    #[pyo3(get)]
-    peer_id: PyPeerId,
-    /// Identifier of the connection.
-    #[pyo3(get)]
-    connection_id: PyConnectionId,
-    /// Local connection address.
-    #[pyo3(get)]
-    local_addr: PyMultiaddr,
-    /// Address used to send back data to the remote.
-    #[pyo3(get)]
-    send_back_addr: PyMultiaddr,
-}
-
-impl PyConnectionUpdate {
-    fn from_connection_event(
-        ConnectionUpdate {
-            peer_id,
-            connection_id,
-            local_addr,
-            send_back_addr,
-        }: ConnectionUpdate,
-    ) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            peer_id: PyPeerId(peer_id),
-            connection_id: PyConnectionId(connection_id),
-            local_addr: PyMultiaddr(local_addr),
-            send_back_addr: PyMultiaddr(send_back_addr),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-enum IncomingDiscoveryMessage {
-    AddConnectedCallback(Box<dyn alias::SendFn<(ConnectionUpdate,), ()>>),
-    AddDisconnectedCallback(Box<dyn alias::SendFn<(ConnectionUpdate,), ()>>),
-}
-
-/// Check if a multiaddr is valid for connection
-fn is_address_valid(addr: &Multiaddr) -> bool {
-    use libp2p::multiaddr::Protocol;
-    
-    for component in addr.iter() {
-        match component {
-            Protocol::Ip4(ip) => {
-                let ip_addr = IpAddr::V4(ip);
-                // Filter out loopback and unspecified addresses
-                if ip_addr.is_loopback() || ip_addr.is_unspecified() {
-                    return false;
-                }
-                // Filter out Tailscale ranges (100.64.0.0/10)
-                if let IpAddr::V4(ipv4) = ip_addr {
-                    let octets = ipv4.octets();
-                    if octets[0] == 100 && octets[1] >= 64 && octets[1] <= 127 {
-                        return false;
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            Protocol::Ip6(ip) => {
-                let ip_addr = IpAddr::V6(ip);
-                // Filter out loopback and unspecified addresses
-                if ip_addr.is_loopback() || ip_addr.is_unspecified() {
-                    return false;
-                }
-                // Filter out Tailscale IPv6 (fd7a:115c:a1e0::/48)
-                if let IpAddr::V6(ipv6) = ip_addr {
-                    let segments = ipv6.segments();
-                    if segments[0] == 0xfd7a && segments[1] == 0x115c && segments[2] == 0xa1e0 {
-                        return false;
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            _ => {}
-        }
-    }
-    true
-}
-
-#[allow(clippy::enum_glob_use)]
-async fn discovery_task(
-    mut receiver: mpsc::Receiver<IncomingDiscoveryMessage>,
-    mut swarm: Swarm<DiscoveryBehaviour>,
-) {
-    use DiscoveryBehaviourEvent::*;
-    use IncomingDiscoveryMessage::*;
-    use SwarmEvent::*;
-    use gossipsub::Event::*;
-    use mdns::Event::*;
-
-    log::info!("RUST: discovery task started");
-
-    // create callbacks list
-    let mut connected_callbacks: Vec<Box<dyn alias::SendFn<(ConnectionUpdate,), ()>>> = vec![];
-    let mut disconnected_callbacks: Vec<Box<dyn alias::SendFn<(ConnectionUpdate,), ()>>> = vec![];
-    
-    // Create periodic health check timer with adaptive interval
-    let fast_check_duration = Duration::from_secs(5);
-    let slow_check_duration = Duration::from_secs(30);
-    let mut health_check_interval = interval(fast_check_duration);
-    let mut no_connection_count = 0;
-
-    loop {
-        tokio::select! {
-            _ = health_check_interval.tick() => {
-                // Check connection health periodically
-                let connected_peers = swarm.connected_peers().count();
-                if connected_peers == 0 {
-                    no_connection_count += 1;
-                    log::info!("RUST: No connected peers (check #{no_connection_count})");
-                    
-                    // Keep fast checking when disconnected
-                    if health_check_interval.period() != fast_check_duration {
-                        health_check_interval = interval(fast_check_duration);
-                        log::info!("RUST: Switching to fast health checks (every {:?})", fast_check_duration);
-                    }
-                    
-                    // Force mDNS restart after multiple failed checks
-                    if no_connection_count > 1 { // Trigger faster, after 2 checks
-                        log::info!("RUST: Attempting to restart mDNS discovery");
-                        // Note: In rust-libp2p, we can't easily restart mDNS like in Go,
-                        // but we can force a re-announce by changing listening addresses
-                        // This is a workaround to trigger mDNS to re-announce
-                        
-                        // Try listening on a new ephemeral port to force re-announcement
-                        match swarm.listen_on("/ip4/0.0.0.0/tcp/0".parse().unwrap()) {
-                            Ok(_) => log::info!("RUST: Added new listener to force mDNS re-announcement"),
-                            Err(e) => log::error!("RUST: Failed to add new listener: {e:?}"),
-                        }
-                        
-                        // Also try IPv6
-                        match swarm.listen_on("/ip6/::/tcp/0".parse().unwrap()) {
-                            Ok(_) => log::info!("RUST: Added IPv6 listener to force mDNS re-announcement"),
-                            Err(e) => log::error!("RUST: Failed to add IPv6 listener: {e:?}"),
-                        }
-                    }
-                } else {
-                    if no_connection_count > 0 {
-                        log::info!("RUST: Connection restored, currently connected to {connected_peers} peers");
-                    }
-                    no_connection_count = 0;
-                    
-                    // Switch to slow checking when connected
-                    if health_check_interval.period() != slow_check_duration {
-                        health_check_interval = interval(slow_check_duration);
-                        log::info!("RUST: Switching to slow health checks (every {:?})", slow_check_duration);
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            message = receiver.recv() => {
-                // handle closed channel
-                let Some(message) = message else {
-                    log::info!("RUST: channel closed");
-                    break;
-                };
-
-                // attach callbacks for event types
-                match message {
-                    AddConnectedCallback(callback) => {
-                        log::info!("RUST: received connected callback");
-                        connected_callbacks.push(callback);
-                    }
-                    AddDisconnectedCallback(callback) => {
-                        log::info!("RUST: received disconnected callback");
-                        disconnected_callbacks.push(callback);
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            swarm_event = swarm.select_next_some() => {
-                match swarm_event {
-                    Behaviour(Mdns(Discovered(list))) => {
-                        for (peer_id, multiaddr) in list {
-                            log::info!("RUST: mDNS discovered a new peer: {peer_id} on {multiaddr}");
-                            
-                            // Filter out invalid addresses
-                            if !is_address_valid(&multiaddr) {
-                                log::info!("RUST: Filtered out invalid address: {multiaddr}");
-                                continue;
-                            }
-                            
-                            let local_peer_id = *swarm.local_peer_id();
-                            // To avoid simultaneous dial races, only the lexicographically larger peer_id dials.
-                            if peer_id > local_peer_id {
-                                let dial_opts = DialOpts::peer_id(peer_id)
-                                    .addresses(vec![multiaddr.clone()].into())
-                                    .condition(libp2p::swarm::dial_opts::PeerCondition::Always)
-                                    .build();
-                                match swarm.dial(dial_opts) {
-                                    Ok(()) => log::info!("RUST: Dial initiated to {multiaddr}"),
-                                    Err(libp2p::swarm::DialError::DialPeerConditionFalse(_)) => {
-                                        // Another dial is already in progress; not an error for us.
-                                        log::debug!(
-                                            "RUST: Dial skipped because another dial is active for {peer_id}"
-                                        );
-                                    }
-                                    Err(e) => {
-                                        log::warn!("RUST: Failed to dial {multiaddr}: {e:?}");
-                                    }
-                                }
-                            }
-                            // Maintain peer in gossipsub mesh so the connection stays alive once established.
-                            swarm.behaviour_mut().gossipsub.add_explicit_peer(&peer_id);
-                            log::info!("RUST: Added peer {peer_id} to gossipsub explicit peers");
-                        }
-                    }
-                    Behaviour(Mdns(Expired(list))) => {
-                        for (peer_id, multiaddr) in list {
-                            log::info!("RUST: mDNS discover peer has expired: {peer_id} on {multiaddr}");
-                            swarm.behaviour_mut().gossipsub.remove_explicit_peer(&peer_id);
-                        }
-                    },
-                    Behaviour(Gossipsub(Message {
-                        propagation_source: peer_id,
-                        message_id: id,
-                        message,
-                    })) => log::info!(
-                            "RUST: Got message: '{}' with id: {id} from peer: {peer_id}",
-                            String::from_utf8_lossy(&message.data),
-                        ),
-                    ConnectionEstablished {
-                        peer_id,
-                        connection_id,
-                        endpoint,
-                        num_established: _num_established,
-                        concurrent_dial_errors,
-                        established_in: _established_in,
-                    } => {
-                        log::info!("RUST: ConnectionEstablished event - peer_id: {peer_id}, connection_id: {connection_id:?}, endpoint: {endpoint:?}");
-                        // log any connection errors
-                        if let Some(concurrent_dial_errors) = concurrent_dial_errors {
-                            for (multiaddr, error) in concurrent_dial_errors {
-                                log::error!("Connection error: multiaddr={multiaddr}, error={error:?}");
-                            }
-                        }
-
-                        // Extract addresses based on endpoint type
-                        let (local_addr, send_back_addr) = match &endpoint {
-                            ConnectedPoint::Listener { local_addr, send_back_addr } => {
-                                log::info!("RUST: Connection established (Listener) - local_addr: {local_addr}, send_back_addr: {send_back_addr}");
-                                (local_addr.clone(), send_back_addr.clone())
-                            },
-                            ConnectedPoint::Dialer { address, .. } => {
-                                log::info!("RUST: Connection established (Dialer) - remote_addr: {address}");
-                                // For dialer, we use the dialed address as both local and send_back
-                                // This isn't perfect but allows both sides to be notified
-                                (address.clone(), address.clone())
-                            }
-                        };
-                        
-                        log::info!("RUST: Number of connected callbacks: {}", connected_callbacks.len());
-
-
-                        // trigger callback on connected peer
-                        for connected_callback in &connected_callbacks {
-                            connected_callback(ConnectionUpdate {
-                                peer_id,
-                                connection_id,
-                                local_addr: local_addr.clone(),
-                                send_back_addr: send_back_addr.clone(),
-                            });
-                        }
-                    },
-                    ConnectionClosed { peer_id, connection_id, endpoint, num_established, cause }  => {
-                        log::info!("RUST: ConnectionClosed event - peer_id: {peer_id}, connection_id: {connection_id:?}, endpoint: {endpoint:?}, num_established: {num_established}");
-                        // log any connection errors
-                        if let Some(cause) = cause {
-                            log::error!("Connection error: cause={cause:?}");
-                        }
-
-                        // Extract addresses based on endpoint type
-                        let (local_addr, send_back_addr) = match &endpoint {
-                            ConnectedPoint::Listener { local_addr, send_back_addr } => {
-                                log::info!("RUST: Connection closed (Listener) - local_addr: {local_addr}, send_back_addr: {send_back_addr}");
-                                (local_addr.clone(), send_back_addr.clone())
-                            },
-                            ConnectedPoint::Dialer { address, .. } => {
-                                log::info!("RUST: Connection closed (Dialer) - remote_addr: {address}");
-                                // For dialer, we use the dialed address as both local and send_back
-                                // This isn't perfect but allows both sides to be notified
-                                (address.clone(), address.clone())
-                            }
-                        };
-                        
-                        log::info!("RUST: Number of disconnected callbacks: {}", disconnected_callbacks.len());
-
-                        // trigger callback on connected peer
-                        for disconnected_callback in &disconnected_callbacks {
-                            disconnected_callback(ConnectionUpdate {
-                                peer_id,
-                                connection_id,
-                                local_addr: local_addr.clone(),
-                                send_back_addr: send_back_addr.clone(),
-                            });
-                        }
-                        
-                        // If this was the last connection to the peer, try to force mDNS re-discovery
-                        if num_established == 0 {
-                            log::info!("RUST: Last connection to peer {peer_id} closed, triggering mDNS re-discovery");
-                            // Remove from gossipsub to ensure clean state
-                            swarm.behaviour_mut().gossipsub.remove_explicit_peer(&peer_id);
-                            
-                            // Force a listen address change to trigger mDNS re-announcement
-                            tokio::spawn(async move {
-                                tokio::time::sleep(Duration::from_secs(2)).await;
-                                log::info!("RUST: Delayed mDNS trigger after disconnect");
-                            });
-                        }
-                    }
-                    NewListenAddr { address, .. } => {
-                        log::info!("RUST: Local node is listening on {address}");
-                        let local_peer = swarm.local_peer_id();
-                        log::info!("RUST: Local peer_id: {local_peer}");
-                    }
-                    OutgoingConnectionError { peer_id, error, .. } => {
-                        log::error!("RUST: Outgoing connection error to peer {peer_id:?}: {error:?}");
-                        // Connection failed, might be due to network change
-                        if let Some(peer) = peer_id {
-                            // Remove from gossipsub to allow fresh connection attempts
-                            swarm.behaviour_mut().gossipsub.remove_explicit_peer(&peer);
-                        }
-                    }
-                    IncomingConnectionError { send_back_addr, error, .. } => {
-                        log::error!("RUST: Incoming connection error from {send_back_addr}: {error:?}");
-                    }
-                    e => {
-                        log::debug!("RUST: Other event {e:?}");
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    log::info!("RUST: discovery task stopped");
-}
-
-#[gen_stub_pyclass]
-#[pyclass(name = "DiscoveryService")]
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
-struct PyDiscoveryService {
-    sender: Option<mpsc::Sender<IncomingDiscoveryMessage>>,
-}
-
-#[allow(clippy::expect_used)]
-impl PyDiscoveryService {
-    const fn sender(&self) -> &mpsc::Sender<IncomingDiscoveryMessage> {
-        self.sender
-            .as_ref()
-            .expect("The sender should only be None after de-initialization.")
-    }
-
-    const fn sender_mut(&mut self) -> &mut mpsc::Sender<IncomingDiscoveryMessage> {
-        self.sender
-            .as_mut()
-            .expect("The sender should only be None after de-initialization.")
-    }
-
-    const fn new(sender: mpsc::Sender<IncomingDiscoveryMessage>) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            sender: Some(sender),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-#[gen_stub_pymethods]
-#[pymethods]
-impl PyDiscoveryService {
-    #[new]
-    fn py_new<'py>(identity: Bound<'py, PyKeypair>) -> PyResult<Self> {
-        use pyo3_async_runtimes::tokio::get_runtime;
-
-        // create communication channel
-        let (sender, receiver) = mpsc::channel::<IncomingDiscoveryMessage>(MPSC_CHANNEL_SIZE);
-
-        // get identity
-        let identity = identity.borrow().0.clone();
-        log::info!("RUST: Creating DiscoveryService with keypair");
-
-        // create discovery swarm (within tokio context!! or it crashes)
-        let swarm = get_runtime()
-            .block_on(async { discovery_swarm(identity) })
-            .pyerr()?;
-        log::info!("RUST: Discovery swarm created successfully");
-
-        // spawn tokio task
-        get_runtime().spawn(async move {
-            log::info!("RUST: Starting discovery task");
-            discovery_task(receiver, swarm).await;
-            log::info!("RUST: Discovery task ended");
-        });
-        Ok(Self::new(sender))
-    }
-
-    #[allow(clippy::expect_used)]
-    fn add_connected_callback<'py>(
-        &self,
-        #[gen_stub(override_type(
-            type_repr="collections.abc.Callable[[ConnectionUpdate], None]",
-            imports=("collections.abc")
-        ))]
-        callback: PyObject,
-    ) -> PyResult<()> {
-        use pyo3_async_runtimes::tokio::get_runtime;
-
-        get_runtime()
-            .block_on(
-                self.sender()
-                    .send(IncomingDiscoveryMessage::AddConnectedCallback(Box::new(
-                        move |connection_event| {
-                            Python::with_gil(|py| {
-                                callback
-                                    .call1(
-                                        py,
-                                        (PyConnectionUpdate::from_connection_event(
-                                            connection_event,
-                                        ),),
-                                    )
-                                    .expect("Callback should always work...");
-                            });
-                        },
-                    ))),
-            )
-            .pyerr()?;
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    #[allow(clippy::expect_used)]
-    fn add_disconnected_callback<'py>(
-        &self,
-        #[gen_stub(override_type(
-            type_repr="collections.abc.Callable[[ConnectionUpdate], None]",
-            imports=("collections.abc")
-        ))]
-        callback: PyObject,
-    ) -> PyResult<()> {
-        use pyo3_async_runtimes::tokio::get_runtime;
-
-        get_runtime()
-            .block_on(
-                self.sender()
-                    .send(IncomingDiscoveryMessage::AddDisconnectedCallback(Box::new(
-                        move |connection_event| {
-                            Python::with_gil(|py| {
-                                callback
-                                    .call1(
-                                        py,
-                                        (PyConnectionUpdate::from_connection_event(
-                                            connection_event,
-                                        ),),
-                                    )
-                                    .expect("Callback should always work...");
-                            });
-                        },
-                    ))),
-            )
-            .pyerr()?;
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    #[gen_stub(skip)]
-    const fn __traverse__(&self, visit: PyVisit<'_>) -> Result<(), PyTraverseError> {
-        Ok(()) // This is needed purely so `__clear__` can work
-    }
-
-    #[gen_stub(skip)]
-    fn __clear__(&mut self) {
-        // TODO: may or may not need to await a "kill-signal" oneshot channel message,
-        //       to ensure that the discovery task is done BEFORE exiting the clear function...
-        //       but this may require GIL?? and it may not be safe to call GIL here??
-        self.sender = None; // Using Option<T> as a trick to force `sender` channel to be dropped
-    }
-}
-
-pub fn discovery_submodule(m: &Bound<'_, PyModule>) -> PyResult<()> {
-    m.add_class::<PyConnectionUpdate>()?;
-    m.add_class::<PyDiscoveryService>()?;
-
-    Ok(())
-}
diff --git a/rust/exo_pyo3_bindings/src/lib.rs b/rust/exo_pyo3_bindings/src/lib.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index f1eed2c7..00000000
--- a/rust/exo_pyo3_bindings/src/lib.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,101 +0,0 @@
-//! TODO: crate documentation
-//!
-//! this is here as a placeholder documentation
-//!
-//!
-
-// enable Rust-unstable features for convenience
-#![feature(trait_alias)]
-#![feature(tuple_trait)]
-#![feature(unboxed_closures)]
-// #![feature(stmt_expr_attributes)]
-// #![feature(assert_matches)]
-// #![feature(async_fn_in_dyn_trait)]
-// #![feature(async_for_loop)]
-// #![feature(auto_traits)]
-// #![feature(negative_impls)]
-
-extern crate core;
-pub(crate) mod discovery;
-pub(crate) mod pylibp2p;
-
-use crate::discovery::discovery_submodule;
-use crate::pylibp2p::connection::connection_submodule;
-use crate::pylibp2p::ident::ident_submodule;
-use crate::pylibp2p::multiaddr::multiaddr_submodule;
-use pyo3::prelude::{PyModule, PyModuleMethods};
-use pyo3::{prelude::*, types::*};
-use pyo3::{pyclass, pymodule, Bound, PyResult};
-use pyo3_stub_gen::define_stub_info_gatherer;
-
-/// Namespace for all the type/trait aliases used by this crate.
-pub(crate) mod alias {
-    use std::error::Error;
-    use std::marker::Tuple;
-
-    pub trait SendFn<Args: Tuple + Send + 'static, Output> =
-        Fn<Args, Output = Output> + Send + 'static;
-
-    pub type AnyError = Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync + 'static>;
-    pub type AnyResult<T> = Result<T, AnyError>;
-}
-
-/// Namespace for crate-wide extension traits/methods
-pub(crate) mod ext {
-    use extend::ext;
-    use pyo3::exceptions::PyRuntimeError;
-    use pyo3::PyErr;
-
-    #[ext(pub, name = ResultExt)]
-    impl<T, E> Result<T, E>
-    where
-        E: ToString,
-    {
-        fn pyerr(self) -> Result<T, PyErr> {
-            self.map_err(|e| PyRuntimeError::new_err(e.to_string()))
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-pub(crate) mod private {
-    use std::marker::Sized;
-
-    /// Sealed traits support
-    pub trait Sealed {}
-    impl<T: ?Sized> Sealed for T {}
-}
-
-pub(crate) const MPSC_CHANNEL_SIZE: usize = 8;
-
-/// A Python module implemented in Rust. The name of this function must match
-/// the `lib.name` setting in the `Cargo.toml`, else Python will not be able to
-/// import the module.
-#[pymodule(name = "exo_pyo3_bindings")]
-fn main_module(m: &Bound<'_, PyModule>) -> PyResult<()> {
-    // install logger
-    pyo3_log::init();
-
-    // TODO: for now this is all NOT a submodule, but figure out how to make the submodule system
-    //       work with maturin, where the types generate correctly, in the right folder, without
-    //       too many importing issues...
-    connection_submodule(m)?;
-    ident_submodule(m)?;
-    multiaddr_submodule(m)?;
-    discovery_submodule(m)?;
-
-    // top-level constructs
-    // TODO: ...
-
-    Ok(())
-}
-
-define_stub_info_gatherer!(stub_info);
-
-/// Test of unit test for testing link problem
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    #[test]
-    fn test() {
-        assert_eq!(2 + 2, 4);
-    }
-}
diff --git a/rust/exo_pyo3_bindings/src/pylibp2p/connection.rs b/rust/exo_pyo3_bindings/src/pylibp2p/connection.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index ac6c0125..00000000
--- a/rust/exo_pyo3_bindings/src/pylibp2p/connection.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,36 +0,0 @@
-use libp2p::swarm::ConnectionId;
-use pyo3::prelude::{PyModule, PyModuleMethods};
-use pyo3::{pyclass, pymethods, Bound, PyResult};
-use pyo3_stub_gen::derive::{gen_stub_pyclass, gen_stub_pymethods};
-
-/// TODO: documentation...
-#[gen_stub_pyclass]
-#[pyclass(name = "ConnectionId")]
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
-#[repr(transparent)]
-pub struct PyConnectionId(pub ConnectionId);
-
-#[gen_stub_pymethods]
-#[pymethods]
-#[allow(clippy::needless_pass_by_value)]
-impl PyConnectionId {
-    /// TODO: documentation
-    #[staticmethod]
-    fn new_unchecked(id: usize) -> Self {
-        Self(ConnectionId::new_unchecked(id))
-    }
-
-    fn __repr__(&self) -> String {
-        format!("ConnectionId({})", self.0)
-    }
-
-    fn __str__(&self) -> String {
-        self.0.to_string()
-    }
-}
-
-pub fn connection_submodule(m: &Bound<'_, PyModule>) -> PyResult<()> {
-    m.add_class::<PyConnectionId>()?;
-
-    Ok(())
-}
diff --git a/rust/exo_pyo3_bindings/src/pylibp2p/ident.rs b/rust/exo_pyo3_bindings/src/pylibp2p/ident.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index 39c01cf9..00000000
--- a/rust/exo_pyo3_bindings/src/pylibp2p/ident.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,160 +0,0 @@
-use crate::ext::ResultExt;
-use libp2p::identity::{ecdsa, Keypair};
-use libp2p::PeerId;
-use pyo3::prelude::{PyBytesMethods, PyModule, PyModuleMethods};
-use pyo3::types::PyBytes;
-use pyo3::{pyclass, pymethods, Bound, PyObject, PyResult, Python};
-use pyo3_stub_gen::derive::{gen_stub_pyclass, gen_stub_pymethods};
-
-/// TODO: documentation...
-#[gen_stub_pyclass]
-#[pyclass(name = "Keypair")]
-#[repr(transparent)]
-pub struct PyKeypair(pub Keypair);
-
-#[gen_stub_pymethods]
-#[pymethods]
-#[allow(clippy::needless_pass_by_value)]
-impl PyKeypair {
-    /// TODO: documentation
-    #[staticmethod]
-    fn generate_ed25519() -> Self {
-        Self(Keypair::generate_ed25519())
-    }
-
-    /// TODO: documentation
-    #[staticmethod]
-    fn generate_ecdsa() -> Self {
-        Self(Keypair::generate_ecdsa())
-    }
-
-    /// TODO: documentation
-    #[staticmethod]
-    fn generate_secp256k1() -> Self {
-        Self(Keypair::generate_secp256k1())
-    }
-
-    /// TODO: documentation
-    #[staticmethod]
-    fn from_protobuf_encoding(bytes: Bound<'_, PyBytes>) -> PyResult<Self> {
-        let bytes = Vec::from(bytes.as_bytes());
-        Ok(Self(Keypair::from_protobuf_encoding(&bytes).pyerr()?))
-    }
-
-    /// TODO: documentation
-    #[staticmethod]
-    fn rsa_from_pkcs8(bytes: Bound<'_, PyBytes>) -> PyResult<Self> {
-        let mut bytes = Vec::from(bytes.as_bytes());
-        Ok(Self(Keypair::rsa_from_pkcs8(&mut bytes).pyerr()?))
-    }
-
-    /// TODO: documentation
-    #[staticmethod]
-    fn secp256k1_from_der(bytes: Bound<'_, PyBytes>) -> PyResult<Self> {
-        let mut bytes = Vec::from(bytes.as_bytes());
-        Ok(Self(Keypair::secp256k1_from_der(&mut bytes).pyerr()?))
-    }
-
-    /// TODO: documentation
-    #[staticmethod]
-    fn ed25519_from_bytes(bytes: Bound<'_, PyBytes>) -> PyResult<Self> {
-        let mut bytes = Vec::from(bytes.as_bytes());
-        Ok(Self(Keypair::ed25519_from_bytes(&mut bytes).pyerr()?))
-    }
-
-    /// TODO: documentation
-    #[staticmethod]
-    fn ecdsa_from_bytes(bytes: Bound<'_, PyBytes>) -> PyResult<Self> {
-        let bytes = Vec::from(bytes.as_bytes());
-        Ok(Self(Keypair::from(ecdsa::Keypair::from(
-            ecdsa::SecretKey::try_from_bytes(bytes).pyerr()?,
-        ))))
-    }
-
-    /// TODO: documentation
-    fn to_protobuf_encoding<'py>(&self, py: Python<'py>) -> PyResult<Bound<'py, PyBytes>> {
-        let bytes = self.0.to_protobuf_encoding().pyerr()?;
-        Ok(PyBytes::new(py, &bytes))
-    }
-
-    /// TODO: documentation
-    fn to_peer_id(&self) -> PyPeerId {
-        PyPeerId(self.0.public().to_peer_id())
-    }
-
-    // /// Hidden constructor for pickling support. TODO: figure out how to do pickling...
-    // #[gen_stub(skip)]
-    // #[new]
-    // fn py_new(bytes: Bound<'_, PyBytes>) -> PyResult<Self> {
-    //     Self::from_protobuf_encoding(bytes)
-    // }
-    //
-    // #[gen_stub(skip)]
-    // fn __setstate__(&mut self, state: Bound<'_, PyBytes>) -> PyResult<()> {
-    //     *self = Self::from_protobuf_encoding(state)?;
-    //     Ok(())
-    // }
-    //
-    // #[gen_stub(skip)]
-    // fn __getstate__<'py>(&self, py: Python<'py>) -> PyResult<Bound<'py, PyBytes>> {
-    //     self.to_protobuf_encoding(py)
-    // }
-    //
-    // #[gen_stub(skip)]
-    // pub fn __getnewargs__<'py>(&self, py: Python<'py>) -> PyResult<(Bound<'py, PyBytes>,)> {
-    //     Ok((self.to_protobuf_encoding(py)?,))
-    // }
-}
-
-/// TODO: documentation...
-#[gen_stub_pyclass]
-#[pyclass(name = "PeerId")]
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
-#[repr(transparent)]
-pub struct PyPeerId(pub PeerId);
-
-#[gen_stub_pymethods]
-#[pymethods]
-#[allow(clippy::needless_pass_by_value)]
-impl PyPeerId {
-    /// TODO: documentation
-    #[staticmethod]
-    fn random() -> Self {
-        Self(PeerId::random())
-    }
-
-    /// TODO: documentation
-    #[staticmethod]
-    fn from_bytes(bytes: Bound<'_, PyBytes>) -> PyResult<Self> {
-        let bytes = Vec::from(bytes.as_bytes());
-        Ok(Self(PeerId::from_bytes(&bytes).pyerr()?))
-    }
-
-    /// TODO: documentation
-    fn to_bytes<'py>(&self, py: Python<'py>) -> Bound<'py, PyBytes> {
-        let bytes = self.0.to_bytes();
-        PyBytes::new(py, &bytes)
-    }
-
-    /// TODO: documentation
-    fn to_base58(&self) -> String {
-        self.0.to_base58()
-    }
-
-    /// TODO: documentation
-    fn __repr__(&self) -> String {
-        format!("PeerId({})", self.to_base58())
-    }
-
-    /// TODO: documentation
-    fn __str__(&self) -> String {
-        self.to_base58()
-    }
-}
-
-pub fn ident_submodule(m: &Bound<'_, PyModule>) -> PyResult<()> {
-    m.add_class::<PyKeypair>()?;
-    m.add_class::<PyPeerId>()?;
-
-    Ok(())
-}
diff --git a/rust/exo_pyo3_bindings/src/pylibp2p/mod.rs b/rust/exo_pyo3_bindings/src/pylibp2p/mod.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index ba8e358d..00000000
--- a/rust/exo_pyo3_bindings/src/pylibp2p/mod.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-pub mod connection;
-pub mod ident;
-pub mod multiaddr;
diff --git a/rust/exo_pyo3_bindings/src/pylibp2p/multiaddr.rs b/rust/exo_pyo3_bindings/src/pylibp2p/multiaddr.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index 71fd5251..00000000
--- a/rust/exo_pyo3_bindings/src/pylibp2p/multiaddr.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,81 +0,0 @@
-use crate::ext::ResultExt;
-use libp2p::Multiaddr;
-use pyo3::prelude::{PyBytesMethods, PyModule, PyModuleMethods};
-use pyo3::types::PyBytes;
-use pyo3::{Bound, PyResult, Python, pyclass, pymethods};
-use pyo3_stub_gen::derive::{gen_stub_pyclass, gen_stub_pymethods};
-use std::str::FromStr;
-
-/// TODO: documentation...
-#[gen_stub_pyclass]
-#[pyclass(name = "Multiaddr")]
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
-#[repr(transparent)]
-pub struct PyMultiaddr(pub Multiaddr);
-
-#[gen_stub_pymethods]
-#[pymethods]
-#[allow(clippy::needless_pass_by_value)]
-impl PyMultiaddr {
-    /// TODO: documentation
-    #[staticmethod]
-    fn empty() -> Self {
-        Self(Multiaddr::empty())
-    }
-
-    /// TODO: documentation
-    #[staticmethod]
-    fn with_capacity(n: usize) -> Self {
-        Self(Multiaddr::with_capacity(n))
-    }
-
-    /// TODO: documentation
-    #[staticmethod]
-    fn from_bytes(bytes: Bound<'_, PyBytes>) -> PyResult<Self> {
-        let bytes = Vec::from(bytes.as_bytes());
-        Ok(Self(Multiaddr::try_from(bytes).pyerr()?))
-    }
-
-    /// TODO: documentation
-    #[staticmethod]
-    fn from_string(string: String) -> PyResult<Self> {
-        Ok(Self(Multiaddr::from_str(&string).pyerr()?))
-    }
-
-    /// TODO: documentation
-    fn len(&self) -> usize {
-        self.0.len()
-    }
-
-    /// TODO: documentation
-    fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
-        self.0.is_empty()
-    }
-
-    /// TODO: documentation
-    fn to_bytes<'py>(&self, py: Python<'py>) -> Bound<'py, PyBytes> {
-        let bytes = self.0.to_vec();
-        PyBytes::new(py, &bytes)
-    }
-
-    /// TODO: documentation
-    fn to_string(&self) -> String {
-        self.0.to_string()
-    }
-
-    #[gen_stub(skip)]
-    fn __repr__(&self) -> String {
-        format!("Multiaddr({})", self.0)
-    }
-
-    #[gen_stub(skip)]
-    fn __str__(&self) -> String {
-        self.to_string()
-    }
-}
-
-pub fn multiaddr_submodule(m: &Bound<'_, PyModule>) -> PyResult<()> {
-    m.add_class::<PyMultiaddr>()?;
-
-    Ok(())
-}
diff --git a/rust/exo_pyo3_bindings/tests/dummy.rs b/rust/exo_pyo3_bindings/tests/dummy.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index 7d1ce0e4..00000000
--- a/rust/exo_pyo3_bindings/tests/dummy.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,54 +0,0 @@
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use core::mem::drop;
-    use core::option::Option::Some;
-    use core::time::Duration;
-    use tokio;
-    use tokio::sync::mpsc;
-
-    #[tokio::test]
-    async fn test_drop_channel() {
-        struct Ping;
-
-        let (tx, mut rx) = mpsc::channel::<Ping>(10);
-
-        let _ = tokio::spawn(async move {
-            println!("TASK: entered");
-
-            loop {
-                tokio::select! {
-                    result = rx.recv() => {
-                        match result {
-                            Some(_) => {
-                                println!("TASK: pinged");
-                            }
-                            None => {
-                                println!("TASK: closing channel");
-                                break;
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
-                    _ = tokio::time::sleep(Duration::from_secs_f32(0.1)) => {
-                        println!("TASK: heartbeat");
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            println!("TASK: exited");
-        });
-
-        let tx2 = tx.clone();
-
-        tokio::time::sleep(Duration::from_secs_f32(0.11)).await;
-
-        tx.send(Ping).await.expect("Should not fail");
-        drop(tx);
-
-        tokio::time::sleep(Duration::from_secs_f32(0.11)).await;
-
-        tx2.send(Ping).await.expect("Should not fail");
-        drop(tx2);
-
-        tokio::time::sleep(Duration::from_secs_f32(0.11)).await;
-    }
-}
diff --git a/rust/exo_pyo3_bindings/tests/test_python.py b/rust/exo_pyo3_bindings/tests/test_python.py
deleted file mode 100644
index f505b41a..00000000
--- a/rust/exo_pyo3_bindings/tests/test_python.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,129 +0,0 @@
-import asyncio
-import time
-
-import pytest
-from exo_pyo3_bindings import ConnectionUpdate, Keypair, DiscoveryService
-
-
-# # => `tokio::mpsc` channels are closed when all `Sender` are dropped, or when `Receiver::close` is called
-# # => the only sender is `KillableTaskHandle.sender: Option<Option<Sender<KillKillableTask>>>`
-# # => integrate with https://pyo3.rs/v0.25.1/class/protocols.html#garbage-collector-integration
-# #    => set `sender` to `None` to drop the `Sender` & therefore trigger an automatic cleanup
-# #    => TODO: there could be a bug where dropping `Sender` won't close the channel in time bc of unprocessed events
-# #             so the handle drops and asyncio loop closes BEFORE the task dies...
-# #             might wanna figure out some kind of `oneshot` "shutdown confirmed" blocking mechanism or something...??
-# # => also there is "cancellable futures" stuff ?? => https://pyo3.rs/main/async-await.html
-# #       
-# #       For now, always explicitly call cleanup functions to avoid crashes
-# #       in the future research tighter integration for automatic cleanup and safety!!!
-# #       also look into `pyo3_async_runtimes::tokio::get_runtime()` for blocking calls in Rust
-# @pytest.mark.asyncio
-# async def test_handle_kill() -> None:
-#     print("PYTHON: starting handle")
-#     h: KillableTaskHandle = killable_task_spawn()
-
-#     time.sleep(0.35)
-
-#     # for i in range(0, 4):
-#     #     print(f"PYTHON: waiting... {i}")
-#     #     time.sleep(0.11)
-
-#     # print("PYTHON: killing task")
-#     # h.kill_task()
-
-# def test_keypair_creation() -> None:    
-#     kp = Keypair.generate_ecdsa()
-#     kp_protobuf = kp.to_protobuf_encoding()
-#     print(kp_protobuf)
-#     kp = Keypair.from_protobuf_encoding(kp_protobuf)
-#     assert kp.to_protobuf_encoding() == kp_protobuf
-
-
-@pytest.mark.asyncio
-async def test_discovery_callbacks() -> None:
-    ident = Keypair.generate_ed25519()
-
-    service = DiscoveryService(ident)
-    a = _add_connected_callback(service)
-    d = _add_disconnected_callback(service)
-
-    # stream_get_a, stream_put = _make_iter()
-    # service.add_connected_callback(stream_put)
-    #
-    # stream_get_d, stream_put = _make_iter()
-    # service.add_disconnected_callback(stream_put)
-
-    # async for c in stream_get_a:
-    # await connected_callback(c)
-
-    for i in range(0, 10):
-        print(f"PYTHON: tick {i} of 10")
-        await asyncio.sleep(1)
-
-    print(service, a, d)  # only done to prevent GC... TODO: come up with less hacky solution
-
-
-def _add_connected_callback(d: DiscoveryService):
-    stream_get, stream_put = _make_iter()
-    d.add_connected_callback(stream_put)
-
-    async def run():
-        async for c in stream_get:
-            await connected_callback(c)
-
-    return asyncio.create_task(run())
-
-
-def _add_disconnected_callback(d: DiscoveryService):
-    stream_get, stream_put = _make_iter()
-
-    async def run():
-        async for c in stream_get:
-            await disconnected_callback(c)
-
-    d.add_disconnected_callback(stream_put)
-    return asyncio.create_task(run())
-
-
-async def connected_callback(e: ConnectionUpdate) -> None:
-    print(f"\n\nPYTHON: Connected callback: {e.peer_id}, {e.connection_id}, {e.local_addr}, {e.send_back_addr}")
-    print(
-        f"PYTHON: Connected callback: {e.peer_id.__repr__()}, {e.connection_id.__repr__()}, {e.local_addr.__repr__()}, {e.send_back_addr.__repr__()}\n\n")
-
-
-async def disconnected_callback(e: ConnectionUpdate) -> None:
-    print(f"\n\nPYTHON: Disconnected callback: {e.peer_id}, {e.connection_id}, {e.local_addr}, {e.send_back_addr}")
-    print(
-        f"PYTHON: Disconnected callback: {e.peer_id.__repr__()}, {e.connection_id.__repr__()}, {e.local_addr.__repr__()}, {e.send_back_addr.__repr__()}\n\n")
-
-
-def _foo_task() -> None:
-    print("PYTHON: This simply runs in asyncio context")
-
-
-def _make_iter():
-    loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
-    queue: asyncio.Queue[ConnectionUpdate] = asyncio.Queue()
-
-    def put(c: ConnectionUpdate) -> None:
-        loop.call_soon_threadsafe(queue.put_nowait, c)
-
-    async def get():
-        while True:
-            yield await queue.get()
-
-    return get(), put
-
-# async def inputstream_generator(channels=1, **kwargs):
-#     """Generator that yields blocks of input data as NumPy arrays."""
-#     q_in = asyncio.Queue()
-#     loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
-#
-#     def callback(indata, frame_count, time_info, status):
-#         loop.call_soon_threadsafe(q_in.put_nowait, (indata.copy(), status))
-#
-#     stream = sd.InputStream(callback=callback, channels=channels, **kwargs)
-#     with stream:
-#         while True:
-#             indata, status = await q_in.get()
-#             yield indata, status
diff --git a/rust/master_election/Cargo.toml b/rust/master_election/Cargo.toml
deleted file mode 100644
index c5164f50..00000000
--- a/rust/master_election/Cargo.toml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,41 +0,0 @@
-[package]
-name = "master_election"
-version = { workspace = true }
-edition = { workspace = true }
-publish = false
-
-[lib]
-doctest = false
-name = "master_election"
-path = "src/lib.rs"
-
-[lints]
-workspace = true
-
-[dependencies]
-# macro dependencies
-extend = { workspace = true }
-delegate = { workspace = true }
-impl-trait-for-tuples = { workspace = true }
-derive_more = { workspace = true }
-
-# Async
-tokio = { workspace = true, features = ["full"] }
-futures = { workspace = true }
-
-# utility dependencies
-#util = { workspace = true }
-#fn_pipe = { workspace = true }
-thiserror = { workspace = true }
-#internment = { workspace = true }
-#recursion = { workspace = true }
-#generativity = { workspace = true }
-#itertools = { workspace = true }
-tracing-subscriber = { version = "0.3.19", features = ["default", "env-filter"] }
-keccak-const = { workspace = true }
-
-# Data types
-ordered-float = { workspace = true }
-
-# Networking
-libp2p = { workspace = true, features = ["full"] }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/rust/master_election/src/cel/centrality.rs b/rust/master_election/src/cel/centrality.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index 2042d384..00000000
--- a/rust/master_election/src/cel/centrality.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,36 +0,0 @@
-use crate::cel::data::Map;
-use crate::cel::{View, ID};
-
-/// The number of neighbours of a process.
-pub fn degree_centrality(known: &Map<ID, View>, id: ID) -> u32 {
-    todo!()
-}
-
-/// Measures average length of the shortest path between the vertex and all other vertices in the graph.
-/// The more central is a vertex, the closer it is to all other vertices. The closeness centrality
-/// characterizes the ability of a node to spread information over the graph.
-///
-/// Alex Balevas defined in 1950 the closeness centrality of a vertex as follows:
-/// `C_C(x) = \frac{1}{ \sum_y d(x,y) }` where `d(x,y)` is the shortest path between `x` and `y`.
-///
-/// CEL paper uses this.
-pub fn closeness_centrality(known: &Map<ID, View>, id: ID) -> u32 {
-    todo!()
-}
-
-/// Measures the number of times a vertex acts as a relay (router) along
-/// shortest paths between other vertices. Even if previous authors
-/// have intuitively described centrality as being based on betweenness,
-/// betweenness centrality was formally defined by Freeman in 1977.
-///
-/// The betweenness of a vertex `x` is defined as the sum, for each pair
-/// of vertices `(s, t)`, of the number of shortest paths from `s` to `t` that
-/// pass through `x`, over the total number of shortest paths between
-/// vertices `s` and `t`; it can be represented by the following formula:
-/// `C_B(x) = \sum_{ s \neq x \neq t } \frac{ \sigma_{st}(x) }{ \sigma_{st} }`
-/// where `\sigma_{st}` denotes the total number of shortest paths from vertex `s`
-/// to vertex `t` (with `\sigma_{ss} = 1` by convention), and `\sigma_{st}(x)`
-/// is the number of those shorter paths that pass through `x`.
-pub fn betweenness_centrality(known: &Map<ID, View>, id: ID) -> u32 {
-    todo!()
-}
diff --git a/rust/master_election/src/cel/messaging.rs b/rust/master_election/src/cel/messaging.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index 4cac6dd1..00000000
--- a/rust/master_election/src/cel/messaging.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,57 +0,0 @@
-use crate::cel::messaging::data::Probability;
-use crate::cel::KnowledgeMessage;
-
-mod data {
-    use ordered_float::OrderedFloat;
-    use thiserror::Error;
-
-    #[derive(Error, Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd)]
-    #[error("Floating number `{0}` is not a probability")]
-    #[repr(transparent)]
-    pub struct NotProbabilityError(f64);
-
-    #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Ord, PartialOrd, Hash)]
-    #[repr(transparent)]
-    pub struct Probability(OrderedFloat<f64>);
-
-    impl Probability {
-        const MIN_P: OrderedFloat<f64> = OrderedFloat(0.0);
-        const MAX_P: OrderedFloat<f64> = OrderedFloat(1.0);
-
-        pub fn new(p: f64) -> Result<Self, NotProbabilityError> {
-            let p = OrderedFloat(p);
-            if Self::MIN_P <= p && p <= Self::MAX_P {
-                Ok(Self(p))
-            } else {
-                Err(NotProbabilityError(p.0))
-            }
-        }
-
-        pub const fn into_f64(self) -> f64 {
-            self.0.0
-        }
-    }
-
-    impl From<Probability> for f64 {
-        fn from(value: Probability) -> Self {
-            value.into_f64()
-        }
-    }
-
-    impl TryFrom<f64> for Probability {
-        type Error = NotProbabilityError;
-        fn try_from(value: f64) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
-            Self::new(value)
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// Haas et al. proposed several gossip protocols for *ad hoc networks* that use probabilities.
-/// Combined with the number of hops or the number of times the same message is received, the
-/// protocols choose if a node broadcast a message to all its neighbors or not, reducing thus
-/// the number of messages propagated in the system. The authors show that gossiping with a
-/// probability between 0.6 and 0.8 ensures that almost every node of the system gets the message,
-/// with up to 35% fewer messages in some networks compared to flooding.
-pub fn local_broadcast(message: KnowledgeMessage, rho: Probability) {
-    //
-}
diff --git a/rust/master_election/src/cel/mod.rs b/rust/master_election/src/cel/mod.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index b7856d28..00000000
--- a/rust/master_election/src/cel/mod.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,333 +0,0 @@
-pub mod centrality;
-pub mod messaging;
-
-use crate::cel::data::{Map, Set};
-use std::collections::VecDeque;
-
-pub mod data {
-    use std::marker::PhantomData;
-
-    #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Ord, PartialOrd, Hash)]
-    pub struct Set<V>(PhantomData<V>);
-
-    impl<V> Set<V> {
-        pub fn new() -> Self {
-            todo!()
-        }
-
-        pub fn add(&mut self, value: V) -> bool {
-            todo!()
-        }
-
-        pub fn remove(&mut self, value: V) {}
-
-        pub fn add_all(&mut self, other: &Set<V>) {}
-
-        pub fn values_mut(&mut self) -> &mut [V] {
-            todo!()
-        }
-
-        pub fn values(&self) -> &[V] {
-            todo!()
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Ord, PartialOrd, Hash)]
-    pub struct Map<K, V>(PhantomData<(K, V)>);
-
-    impl<K, V> Map<K, V> {
-        pub fn new() -> Self {
-            todo!()
-        }
-
-        pub fn set(&mut self, key: K, value: V) {}
-
-        pub fn get(&self, key: K) -> &V {
-            todo!()
-        }
-
-        pub fn get_mut(&mut self, key: K) -> &mut V {
-            todo!()
-        }
-
-        pub fn kv_mut(&mut self) -> &mut [(K, V)] {
-            todo!()
-        }
-
-        pub fn contains_key(&self, key: K) -> bool {
-            todo!()
-        }
-
-        pub fn not_contains_key(&self, key: K) -> bool {
-            !self.contains_key(key)
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Ord, PartialOrd, Hash)]
-#[repr(transparent)]
-pub struct ID(pub u128);
-
-#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Ord, PartialOrd, Hash)]
-#[repr(transparent)]
-pub struct Clock(pub u64);
-
-impl Clock {
-    pub const ZERO: Self = Self(0);
-    pub const ONE: Self = Self(1);
-
-    pub fn plus_one(self) -> Self {
-        Self(self.0 + 1)
-    }
-}
-
-/// `CEL` uses a data structure called a `view`
-///
-/// A `view` associated to node  is composed of two elements:
-/// 1) A logical `clock` value, acting as a timestamp and incremented at each connection and disconnection.
-/// 2) A set of node `identifiers`, which are the current neighbors of `i` (this node).
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Ord, PartialOrd, Hash)]
-pub struct View {
-    /// Logical clock
-    clock: Clock,
-
-    /// Neighbors set
-    neigh: Set<ID>,
-}
-
-impl View {
-    pub fn new(clock: Clock, neigh: Set<ID>) -> Self {
-        Self { clock, neigh }
-    }
-}
-
-/// The only type of message exchanged between neighbors is the `knowledge` message.
-/// It contains the current topological knowledge that the sender node has of the network,
-/// i.e. its `known` variable.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Ord, PartialOrd, Hash)]
-pub struct KnowledgeMessage {
-    pub known: Map<ID, View>,
-}
-
-/// Each node `i` maintains a local variable called `known`.
-///
-/// This variable represents the current topological knowledge that `i` has of its current
-/// component (including itself). It is implemented  as a map of `view` indexed by node `identifier`.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Ord, PartialOrd, Hash)]
-pub struct Node {
-    id: ID,
-    known: Map<ID, View>,
-}
-
-impl Node {
-    /// Firstly, node  initializes its `known` variable with its own identifier (`i`),
-    /// and sets its logical clock to `0`.
-    pub fn initialization(this_id: ID) -> Self {
-        let mut neigh = Set::new(); // neigh = \{ i \}
-        neigh.add(this_id);
-
-        let mut known = Map::<ID, View>::new();
-        known.set(this_id, View::new(Clock::ZERO, neigh));
-
-        Self { id: this_id, known }
-    }
-
-    /// When a new node `j` appears in the transmission range of `i`, the crosslayer mechanism of
-    /// `i` detects `j`, and triggers the `Connection` method.
-    ///
-    /// Node `j` is added to the neighbors set of node `i`. As the knowledge of  has been updated,
-    /// its logical clock is incremented.
-    ///
-    /// Since links are assumed bidirectional, i.e. the emission range equals the reception range,
-    /// if node `i` has no previous knowledge of `j`, the neighbor-aware mechanism adds both
-    /// `i` and `j` in the set of neighbors of `j`. Then, `i` sets the clock value of `j` to `1`,
-    /// as `i` was added to the knowledge of node `j`. On the other hand, if node `i` already has
-    /// information about `j`, `i` is added to the neighbors of `j`, and the logical clock of
-    /// node `j` is incremented.
-    ///
-    /// Finally, by calling `LocalBroadcast` method, node `i` shares its
-    /// knowledge with `j` and informs its neighborhood of its new neighbor `j`.
-    /// Note that such a method sends a knowledge message to the neighbors
-    /// of node `i`, with a gossip probability `\rho`, as seen in `Section 2.8`.
-    /// However, for the first hop, `\rho` is set to `1` to make sure that all neighbors of `i`
-    /// will be aware of its new neighbor `j`. Note that the cross-layer mechanism
-    /// of node `j` will also trigger its `Connection` method, and the respective
-    /// steps will also be achieved on node `j`.
-    pub fn node_connection(&mut self, other_id: ID) {
-        let this_known = self.known.get_mut(self.id);
-        this_known.neigh.add(other_id);
-        this_known.clock = this_known.clock.plus_one();
-
-        if self.known.not_contains_key(other_id) {
-            let mut other_neigh = Set::new(); // neigh = \{ j, i \}
-            other_neigh.add(self.id);
-            other_neigh.add(other_id);
-
-            self.known.set(other_id, View::new(Clock::ONE, other_neigh));
-        } else {
-            let other_known = self.known.get_mut(other_id);
-            other_known.neigh.add(self.id);
-            other_known.clock = other_known.clock.plus_one();
-        }
-
-        // TODO: `LocalBroadcast(knowlege<known>, 1)`
-    }
-
-    /// When a node `j` disappears from the transmission range of node `i`,
-    /// the cross-layer mechanism stops receiving beacon messages at the
-    /// MAC level, and triggers the `Disconnection` method. Node `j` is
-    /// then removed from the knowledge of node `i`, and its clock
-    /// is incremented as its knowledge was modified.
-    ///
-    /// Then, the neighbor-aware mechanism assumes that node `i` will also disconnect
-    /// from `j`. Therefore, `i` is removed from the neighborhood of `j` in the
-    /// knowledge of node `i`, and the corresponding clock is incremented.
-    ///
-    /// Finally, node `i` broadcasts its updated knowledge to its neighbors.
-    pub fn node_disconected(&mut self, other_id: ID) {
-        let this_known = self.known.get_mut(self.id);
-        this_known.neigh.remove(other_id);
-        this_known.clock = this_known.clock.plus_one();
-
-        let other_known = self.known.get_mut(other_id);
-        other_known.neigh.remove(self.id);
-        other_known.clock = other_known.clock.plus_one();
-
-        // TODO: `LocalBroadcast(knowlege<known>, 1)`
-    }
-
-    /// When node  receives a knowledge message `known_j`, from node `j`,
-    /// it looks at each node `n` included in `known_j`. If `n` is an
-    /// unknown node for `i`, or if `n` is known by node `i` and has a
-    /// more recent clock value in `known_j`, the clock and neighbors of
-    /// node `n` are updated in the knowledge of `i`.
-    ///
-    /// Note that a clock value of `n` higher than the one currently known by
-    /// node `i` means that node `n` made some connections and/or
-    /// disconnections of which node `i` is not aware. Then, the `UpdateNeighbors`
-    /// method is called to update the knowledge of `i` regarding the neighbors
-    /// of `n`. If the clock value of node `n` is identical to the one of
-    /// both the knowledge of node `i` and `known_j`, the neighbor-aware
-    /// mechanism merges the neighbors of node `n` from `known_j` with the
-    /// known neighbors of `n` in the knowledge of `i`.
-    ///
-    /// Remark that the clock of node `n` is not updated by the neighbor-aware
-    /// mechanism, otherwise, `n` would not be able to override this view in the
-    /// future with more recent information. The `UpdateNeighbors` method is
-    /// then called. Finally, node `i` broadcasts its knowledge only if
-    /// this latter was modified.
-    pub fn receive_knowledge(
-        &mut self,
-        other_id: ID,
-        KnowledgeMessage {
-            known: mut other_known,
-        }: KnowledgeMessage,
-    ) {
-        let mut this_known_updated = false;
-
-        for (n, other_known_n) in other_known.kv_mut() {
-            if self.known.not_contains_key(*n) || other_known_n.clock > self.known.get(*n).clock {
-                self.known.set(*n, other_known_n.clone());
-                // TODO: UpdateNeighbors(known_j, n)
-            } else if other_known_n.clock == self.known.get(*n).clock {
-                self.known.get_mut(*n).neigh.add_all(&other_known_n.neigh);
-                // TODO: UpdateNeighbors(known_j, n)
-            }
-        }
-
-        // TODO: figure out what constitutes "updated", i.e. should any of the two branches count?
-        //       or should each atomic update-op be checked for "change"??
-        if this_known_updated {
-            // TODO: TopologicalBroadcast()
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// The `UpdateNeighbors` method updates the knowledge of `i` with
-    /// information about the neighbors of node `n`. If the neighbor `k`
-    /// is an unknown node for `i`, or if `k` is known by `i` but has a
-    /// more recent clock value in `known_j` (line 38), the clock and neighbors
-    /// of node `k` are added or updated in the knowledge of node `i`.
-    /// Otherwise, if the clock of node `k` is identical in the knowledge of node
-    /// `i` and in `known_j`, the neighbor-aware mechanism merges the
-    /// neighbors of node `k` in the knowledge of `i`.
-    fn update_neighbors(&mut self, other_known: &mut Map<ID, View>, n: ID) {
-        for k in other_known.get(n).neigh.values() {
-            if self.known.not_contains_key(*k)
-                || other_known.get(*k).clock > self.known.get(*k).clock
-            {
-                self.known.set(*k, other_known.get(*k).clone());
-            } else if other_known.get(*k).clock == self.known.get(*k).clock {
-                self.known
-                    .get_mut(*k)
-                    .neigh
-                    .add_all(&other_known.get(*k).neigh);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// The `TopologicalBroadcast` method uses a self-pruning approach to broadcast
-    /// or not the updated knowledge of node `i`, after the reception of a `knowledge`
-    /// from a neighbor `j`. To this end, node `i` checks whether each of its neighbors
-    /// has the same neighborhood as itself. In this case, node `n` is supposed to have
-    /// also received the knowledge message from neighbor node `j`. Therefore, among the
-    /// neighbors having the same neighborhood than `i`, only the one with
-    /// the smallest identifier will broadcast the knowledge, with a
-    /// gossip probability `\rho`. Note that this topological self-pruning
-    /// mechanism reaches the same neighborhood as multiple broadcasts.
-    fn topological_broadcast(&self) {
-        for n in self.known.get(self.id).neigh.values() {
-            // TODO: ensure this is a value-equality comparison
-            if self.known.get(*n).neigh == self.known.get(self.id).neigh {
-                if *n < self.id {
-                    return;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        // TODO: `LocalBroadcast(knowlege<known>, \rho)`
-    }
-
-    /// The leader is elected when a process running on node `i` calls the `Leader`
-    /// function. This function returns the most central leader in the component
-    /// according the closeness centrality, as seen in Section 2.7, using the
-    /// knowledge of node `i`. The closeness centrality is chosen instead of the
-    /// betweenness centrality, because it is faster to compute and requires fewer
-    /// computational steps, therefore consuming less energy from the mobile node
-    /// batteries than the latter.
-    ///
-    /// First, node `i` rebuilds its component according to its topological knowledge.
-    /// To do so, it computes the entire set of reachable nodes, by adding
-    /// neighbors, neighbors of its neighbors, and so on.
-    /// Then, it evaluates the shortest distance between each reachable node and the
-    /// other ones, and computes the closeness centrality for each of them.
-    /// Finally, it returns the node having the highest closeness value as the
-    /// leader. The highest node identifier is used to break ties among
-    /// identical centrality values. If all nodes of the component have the same
-    /// topological knowledge, the `Leader()` function will return the same leader
-    /// node when invoked. Otherwise, it may return different leader nodes.
-    /// However, when the network topology stops changing, the algorithm
-    /// ensures that all nodes of a component will eventually have the same
-    /// topological knowledge and therefore, the `Leader()` function will return
-    /// the same leader node for all of them.
-    fn leader(&self) -> ID {
-        // this just computes the transitive closure of the adj-list graph starting from node `i`
-        // TODO: its an inefficient BFS impl, swap to better later!!!
-        let mut component = Set::new();
-
-        let mut process_queue =
-            VecDeque::from_iter(self.known.get(self.id).neigh.values().iter().cloned());
-        while let Some(j) = process_queue.pop_front() {
-            let successfully_added = component.add(j);
-
-            // was already processed, so don't add neighbors
-            if !successfully_added {
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            process_queue.extend(self.known.get(j).neigh.values().iter().cloned());
-        }
-
-        let leader: ID = todo!(); // TODO: `Max (ClosenessCentrality (component))`
-        return leader;
-    }
-}
diff --git a/rust/master_election/src/communicator.rs b/rust/master_election/src/communicator.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index 7913ad8d..00000000
--- a/rust/master_election/src/communicator.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-//! Communicator is an abstraction that allows me to "mock" speaking to the network
-//!
-
-use crate::participant::{Participant, ParticipantId};
-use crate::ElectionMessage;
-
-pub trait Communicator {
-    fn all_participants(&self) -> &[ParticipantId];
-    fn broadcast_message(&self, message: ElectionMessage, recipients: &[ParticipantId]) -> ();
-    fn register_participant(&mut self, participant: &Participant) -> ParticipantId;
-}
-
-mod communicator_impls {
-    macro_rules! as_ref_impl {
-        () => {
-            #[inline]
-            fn all_participants(&self) -> &[ParticipantId] {
-                self.as_ref().all_participants()
-            }
-
-            #[inline]
-            fn broadcast_message(&self, message: Message, recipients: &[ParticipantId]) {
-                self.as_ref().broadcast_message(message, recipients);
-            }
-        };
-    }
-
-    // impl<C: Communicator> Communicator for Box<C> {
-    //     as_ref_impl!();
-    // }
-    //
-    // impl<C: Communicator> Communicator for Arc<C> {
-    //     as_ref_impl!();
-    // }
-}
diff --git a/rust/master_election/src/lib.rs b/rust/master_election/src/lib.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index 221f15d8..00000000
--- a/rust/master_election/src/lib.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,44 +0,0 @@
-//! TODO: crate documentation
-//!
-//! this is here as a placeholder documentation
-//!
-//!
-
-// enable Rust-unstable features for convenience
-#![feature(trait_alias)]
-// #![feature(stmt_expr_attributes)]
-// #![feature(unboxed_closures)]
-// #![feature(assert_matches)]
-// #![feature(async_fn_in_dyn_trait)]
-// #![feature(async_for_loop)]
-// #![feature(auto_traits)]
-// #![feature(negative_impls)]
-
-use crate::participant::ParticipantId;
-
-pub mod cel;
-mod communicator;
-mod participant;
-
-/// Namespace for all the type/trait aliases used by this crate.
-pub(crate) mod alias {}
-
-/// Namespace for crate-wide extension traits/methods
-pub(crate) mod ext {}
-
-pub(crate) mod private {
-    /// Sealed traits support
-    pub trait Sealed {}
-    impl<T: ?Sized> Sealed for T {}
-}
-
-pub enum ElectionMessage {
-    /// Announce election
-    Election {
-        candidate: ParticipantId,
-    },
-    Alive,
-    Victory {
-        coordinator: ParticipantId,
-    },
-}
diff --git a/rust/master_election/src/participant.rs b/rust/master_election/src/participant.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index f027d9e4..00000000
--- a/rust/master_election/src/participant.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,203 +0,0 @@
-use crate::communicator::Communicator;
-use crate::ElectionMessage;
-use std::sync::Arc;
-use std::time::Duration;
-use thiserror::Error;
-use tokio::sync::{mpsc, Mutex};
-
-// trait ParticipantState {} // TODO: make sealed or something??
-//
-// struct Coordinator; // TODO: change to master
-// struct Candidate; // i.e. election candidate
-// struct Transient; // transient state, e.g. waiting for election results, declaring themselves winner, etc
-// struct Follower; // i.e. a follower of an existing coordinator
-//
-// mod participant_impl {
-//     use crate::participant::{Candidate, Coordinator, Follower, ParticipantState, Transient};
-//
-//     impl ParticipantState for Coordinator {}
-//     impl ParticipantState for Candidate {}
-//     impl ParticipantState for Transient {}
-//     impl ParticipantState for Follower {}
-// }
-
-pub type ParticipantSelf = Arc<Mutex<Participant>>;
-
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
-#[repr(transparent)]
-pub struct ParticipantId(pub u128);
-
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
-pub enum ParticipantState {
-    Coordinator,                    // i.e. master
-    ElectionCandidate, // after noticing a master went down, become candidate and `Election` message to all nodes higher than itself
-    Waiting,           // when lower nodes are waiting for results of an election to conclude
-    Follower { id: ParticipantId }, // when a participant is following a coordinator
-    Transient,         // when the participant is in a neutral/uninitialized state
-}
-
-pub struct Participant {
-    id: ParticipantId,
-    state: ParticipantState,
-    on_message_sent: Vec<Box<dyn FnOnce(ElectionMessage, ParticipantId)>>,
-}
-
-mod impls {
-    use crate::participant::{Participant, ParticipantId, ParticipantSelf, ParticipantState};
-    use crate::ElectionMessage;
-
-    impl Participant {
-        pub fn new_with(id: ParticipantId, state: ParticipantState) -> Self {
-            Self {
-                id,
-                state,
-                on_message_sent: vec![],
-            }
-        }
-
-        pub fn add_on_message_sent<F>(&mut self, callback: F)
-        where
-            F: FnOnce(ElectionMessage, ParticipantId) + Send + 'static,
-        {
-            self.on_message_sent.push(Box::new(callback));
-        }
-
-        pub async fn receive_message(mut self_: ParticipantSelf, message: ElectionMessage) {
-            let foo = self_.lock_owned().await;
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-pub const TASK_CHANNEL_SIZE: usize = 8;
-pub const ELECTION_VICTORY_TIMEOUT: Duration = Duration::from_secs(1);
-pub const VICTORY_WAITING_TIMEOUT: Duration = Duration::from_secs(1);
-pub const HEARTBEAT_RECEIVE_TIMEOUT: Duration = Duration::from_secs(2);
-pub const HEARTBEAT_SEND_TIMEOUT: Duration = Duration::from_secs(1);
-
-pub enum InMessage {
-    ElectionMessage(ElectionMessage),
-    Heartbeat,
-}
-
-pub enum OutMessage {
-    ElectionMessage(ElectionMessage),
-    Heartbeat,
-}
-
-#[derive(Error, Debug)]
-pub enum ParticipantError {
-    #[error("could not send out-message: `{0}`")]
-    SendError(#[from] mpsc::error::SendError<OutMessage>),
-}
-
-pub async fn participant_task<C: Communicator>(
-    mut in_channel: mpsc::Receiver<InMessage>,
-    out_channel: mpsc::Sender<OutMessage>,
-    communicator: C,
-) -> Result<(), ParticipantError> {
-    // task state
-    let participant_id: ParticipantId = ParticipantId(1234u128); // TODO: replace with dependency injection
-    let mut participant_state: ParticipantState = ParticipantState::Transient;
-
-    // TODO: slot this logic into this somewhere...
-    //       4. If P receives an Election message from another process with a lower ID it sends an Answer message
-    //       back and if it has not already started an election, it starts the election process at the beginning,
-    //       by sending an Election message to higher-numbered processes.
-
-    loop {
-        match participant_state {
-            ParticipantState::Transient => {
-                // When a process P recovers from failure, or the failure detector indicates
-                // that the current coordinator has failed, P performs the following actions:
-                //
-                // 1A) If P has the highest process ID, it sends a Victory message to all other
-                // processes and becomes the new Coordinator.
-                let max_id = communicator
-                    .all_participants()
-                    .iter()
-                    .max()
-                    .unwrap_or(&ParticipantId(0u128));
-                if max_id <= &participant_id {
-                    participant_state = ParticipantState::Coordinator;
-                    communicator.broadcast_message(
-                        ElectionMessage::Victory {
-                            coordinator: participant_id,
-                        },
-                        communicator.all_participants(),
-                    );
-                    continue;
-                }
-
-                // 1B) Otherwise, P broadcasts an Election message to all other processes with
-                // higher process IDs than itself
-                participant_state = ParticipantState::ElectionCandidate;
-                communicator.broadcast_message(
-                    ElectionMessage::Election {
-                        candidate: participant_id,
-                    },
-                    &communicator
-                        .all_participants()
-                        .iter()
-                        .filter(|&p| p > &participant_id)
-                        .copied()
-                        .collect::<Vec<_>>(),
-                );
-            }
-            ParticipantState::ElectionCandidate => {
-                tokio::select! {
-                    // 2. If P receives no Answer after sending an Election message, then it broadcasts
-                    // a Victory message to all other processes and becomes the Coordinator.
-                    _ = tokio::time::sleep(ELECTION_VICTORY_TIMEOUT) => {
-                        participant_state = ParticipantState::Coordinator;
-                        communicator.broadcast_message(
-                            ElectionMessage::Victory {
-                                coordinator: participant_id,
-                            },
-                            communicator.all_participants(),
-                        );
-                    }
-
-                    // 3A. If P receives an Answer from a process with a higher ID, it sends no further
-                    // messages for this election and waits for a Victory message. (If there is no Victory
-                    // message after a period of time, it restarts the process at the beginning.)
-                    Some(InMessage::ElectionMessage(ElectionMessage::Alive)) = in_channel.recv() => {
-                        participant_state = ParticipantState::Waiting;
-                    } // TODO: handle all other branches, e.g. channel closure, different messages & so on
-                }
-            }
-            ParticipantState::Waiting => {
-                tokio::select! {
-                    // 3B. If there is no Victory message after a period of time, it restarts the process
-                    // at the beginning.
-                    _ = tokio::time::sleep(VICTORY_WAITING_TIMEOUT) => {
-                        participant_state = ParticipantState::Transient;
-                    }
-
-                    // 5. If P receives a Victory message, it treats the sender as the coordinator.
-                    Some(InMessage::ElectionMessage(ElectionMessage::Victory { coordinator })) = in_channel.recv() => {
-                        participant_state = ParticipantState::Follower { id: coordinator };
-                    } // TODO: handle all other branches, e.g. channel closure, different messages & so on
-                }
-            }
-            ParticipantState::Follower { id: coordinator_id } => {
-                tokio::select! {
-                    // If we do not receive a heartbeat from the coordinator, trigger new election
-                    _ = tokio::time::sleep(VICTORY_WAITING_TIMEOUT) => {
-                        participant_state = ParticipantState::Transient;
-                    }
-
-                    // If we do receive a heartbeat - keep going
-                    Some(InMessage::Heartbeat) = in_channel.recv() => {
-                    } // TODO: handle all other branches, e.g. channel closure, different messages & so on
-                }
-            }
-            ParticipantState::Coordinator => {
-                // If we are coordinator - send heart beats
-                {
-                    out_channel.send(OutMessage::Heartbeat).await?;
-                    tokio::time::sleep(HEARTBEAT_SEND_TIMEOUT).await;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
diff --git a/rust/master_election/tests/dummy.rs b/rust/master_election/tests/dummy.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index d82c6eb1..00000000
--- a/rust/master_election/tests/dummy.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-// maybe this will hold test in the future...??
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    #[test]
-    fn does_nothing() {
-    }
-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/rust/rust-toolchain.toml b/rust/rust-toolchain.toml
deleted file mode 100644
index 271800cb..00000000
--- a/rust/rust-toolchain.toml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-[toolchain]
-channel = "nightly"
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/rust/util/Cargo.toml b/rust/util/Cargo.toml
deleted file mode 100644
index b818252e..00000000
--- a/rust/util/Cargo.toml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-[package]
-name = "util"
-version = { workspace = true }
-edition = { workspace = true }
-publish = false
-
-[lib]
-doctest = false
-name = "util"
-path = "src/lib.rs"
-
-[lints]
-workspace = true
-
-[dependencies]
-# macro dependencies
-extend = { workspace = true }
-
-# utility dependencies
-thiserror = { workspace = true }
-once_cell = { workspace = true }
-internment = { workspace = true }
-derive_more = { workspace = true }
-bon = { workspace = true }
-recursion = { workspace = true }
-fn_pipe = { workspace = true }
diff --git a/rust/util/fn_pipe/Cargo.toml b/rust/util/fn_pipe/Cargo.toml
deleted file mode 100644
index fed18ea1..00000000
--- a/rust/util/fn_pipe/Cargo.toml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-[package]
-name = "fn_pipe"
-version = { workspace = true }
-edition = { workspace = true }
-publish = false
-
-[lib]
-doctest = false
-name = "fn_pipe"
-path = "src/lib.rs"
-
-[lints]
-workspace = true
-
-[dependencies]
-fn_pipe_proc = { workspace = true }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/rust/util/fn_pipe/proc/Cargo.toml b/rust/util/fn_pipe/proc/Cargo.toml
deleted file mode 100644
index 087d9500..00000000
--- a/rust/util/fn_pipe/proc/Cargo.toml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-[package]
-name = "fn_pipe_proc"
-version = { workspace = true }
-edition = { workspace = true }
-publish = false
-
-[lib]
-name = "fn_pipe_proc"
-path = "src/lib.rs"
-proc-macro = true
-
-[lints]
-workspace = true
-
-[dependencies]
-extend = { workspace = true }
-syn = { workspace = true }
-quote = { workspace = true }
-proc-macro2 = { workspace = true }
-darling = { workspace = true }
diff --git a/rust/util/fn_pipe/proc/src/lib.rs b/rust/util/fn_pipe/proc/src/lib.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index 3a471522..00000000
--- a/rust/util/fn_pipe/proc/src/lib.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,201 +0,0 @@
-//! Proc-macro for implementing `Fn/Pipe*` variants for tuples of a given size;
-//! it is only here for this one purpose and no other, should not be used elsewhere
-
-#![allow(clippy::arbitrary_source_item_ordering)]
-
-extern crate proc_macro;
-
-use extend::ext;
-use proc_macro::TokenStream;
-use quote::quote;
-use syn::{parse_macro_input, LitInt};
-
-type TokS2 = proc_macro2::TokenStream;
-
-#[allow(
-    clippy::unwrap_used,
-    clippy::indexing_slicing,
-    clippy::arithmetic_side_effects,
-    clippy::missing_panics_doc,
-    clippy::too_many_lines
-)]
-#[proc_macro]
-pub fn impl_fn_pipe_for_tuple(item: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {
-    // DEFINE CONSTANT TOKEN STREAMS UPFRONT
-    // token streams for Fn/Pipe* variants
-    let fn_pipe_names = (
-        (
-            "Fn".parse_unchecked(),
-            "FnPipe".parse_unchecked(),
-            "run".parse_unchecked(),
-            "call".parse_unchecked(),
-        ),
-        (
-            "FnMut".parse_unchecked(),
-            "FnMutPipe".parse_unchecked(),
-            "run_mut".parse_unchecked(),
-            "call_mut".parse_unchecked(),
-        ),
-        (
-            "FnOnce".parse_unchecked(),
-            "FnOncePipe".parse_unchecked(),
-            "run_once".parse_unchecked(),
-            "call_once".parse_unchecked(),
-        ),
-    );
-
-    // get the number of tuple parameters to implement this for
-    let max_tuple_size = match parse_macro_input!(item as LitInt).base10_parse::<usize>() {
-        Ok(num) => num,
-        Err(e) => return e.to_compile_error().into(),
-    };
-    assert!(
-        max_tuple_size > 0,
-        "passed parameter must be greater than zero"
-    );
-
-    // generate generic function type-names, to be used later everywhere
-    let mut fn_type_names = Vec::with_capacity(max_tuple_size);
-    for i in 0..max_tuple_size {
-        fn_type_names.push(format!("_{i}").parse_unchecked());
-    }
-
-    // create a middle type constraint (i.e. not the first one)
-    let middle_type_constraint = |prev_fn: TokS2, this_fn: TokS2, fn_name: TokS2| {
-        quote! {
-            #this_fn: #fn_name<(#prev_fn::Output,)>
-        }
-    };
-
-    // create call implementation
-    let impl_call = |n: usize, call: TokS2, base: TokS2| {
-        let tuple_access = format!("self.{n}").parse_unchecked();
-        quote! {
-            #tuple_access.#call((#base,))
-        }
-    };
-
-    // generic impl block parametrised on the variant and number of params
-    let impl_per_type_and_n = |n: usize,
-                               (fn_name, fn_pipe_name, run, call): (TokS2, TokS2, TokS2, TokS2),
-                               extra: Option<TokS2>,
-                               ref_style: Option<TokS2>| {
-        // flatten the extra tokens
-        let extra = extra.unwrap_or_default();
-
-        let fn_type_names_comma_sep = &fn_type_names[0..n].comma_separated();
-
-        // get name of first type and create the type constraint for the fist type
-        let first_fn_type = fn_type_names[0].clone();
-        let first_type_constraint = quote! {
-            #first_fn_type: #fn_name<Args>
-        };
-
-        // create the middle type constraint implementations
-        let middle_type_constraints = (1..n)
-            .map(|i| {
-                // get previous and current tokens
-                let prev_fn = fn_type_names[i - 1].clone();
-                let this_fn = fn_type_names[i].clone();
-
-                // create middle implementation
-                middle_type_constraint(prev_fn, this_fn, fn_name.clone())
-            })
-            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
-
-        // combine the two, and comma-separate them into a single block
-        let type_constraints = [vec![first_type_constraint], middle_type_constraints]
-            .concat()
-            .as_slice()
-            .comma_separated();
-
-        // recursive call implementation starting from the base
-        let mut call_impl = quote! { self.0 .#call(args) };
-        for i in 1..n {
-            call_impl = impl_call(i, call.clone(), call_impl);
-        }
-
-        quote! {
-            #[allow(clippy::type_repetition_in_bounds)]
-            impl<Args: Tuple, #fn_type_names_comma_sep: ?Sized> #fn_pipe_name<Args> for (#fn_type_names_comma_sep,)
-            where #type_constraints
-            {
-                #extra
-
-                #[inline]
-                extern "rust-call" fn #run(#ref_style self, args: Args) -> Self::Output {
-                    #call_impl
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    };
-
-    // generic impl block parametrised on the number of params
-    let impl_per_n = |n: usize| {
-        // create the `Fn/FnPipe` implementation
-        let mut impl_per_n =
-            impl_per_type_and_n(n, fn_pipe_names.0.clone(), None, Some(quote! { & }));
-
-        // create the `FnMut/FnMutPipe` implementation
-        impl_per_n.extend(impl_per_type_and_n(
-            n,
-            fn_pipe_names.1.clone(),
-            None,
-            Some(quote! { &mut }),
-        ));
-
-        // create the `FnOnce/FnOncePipe` implementation;
-        // this implementation additionally needs to specify the associated `type Output`
-        let last = fn_type_names[n - 1].clone();
-        impl_per_n.extend(impl_per_type_and_n(
-            n,
-            fn_pipe_names.2.clone(),
-            Some(quote! {
-                type Output = #last::Output;
-            }),
-            None,
-        ));
-
-        impl_per_n
-    };
-
-    // we need to implement for all tuple sizes 1 through-to `n`
-    let mut impls = TokS2::new();
-    for n in 1..=max_tuple_size {
-        impls.extend(impl_per_n(n));
-    }
-
-    // return all the impls
-    impls.into()
-}
-
-#[ext]
-impl [TokS2] {
-    #[allow(clippy::unwrap_used, clippy::single_call_fn)]
-    fn comma_separated(&self) -> TokS2 {
-        let comma_tok = ",".parse_unchecked();
-
-        // get the first token, and turn it into an accumulator
-        let mut toks = self.iter();
-        let mut tok: TokS2 = toks.next().unwrap().clone();
-
-        // if there are more tokens to come, keep extending with comma
-        for next in toks {
-            tok.extend(comma_tok.clone());
-            tok.extend(next.clone());
-        }
-
-        // return final comma-separated result
-        tok
-    }
-}
-
-#[ext]
-impl str {
-    fn parse_unchecked(&self) -> TokS2 {
-        match self.parse::<TokS2>() {
-            Ok(s) => s,
-            Err(e) => unimplemented!("{e}"),
-        }
-    }
-}
diff --git a/rust/util/fn_pipe/src/lib.rs b/rust/util/fn_pipe/src/lib.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index 44dbc01d..00000000
--- a/rust/util/fn_pipe/src/lib.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-//! TODO: crate documentation
-//!
-//! this is here as a placeholder documentation
-
-// enable Rust-unstable features for convenience
-#![feature(tuple_trait)]
-#![feature(unboxed_closures)]
-#![feature(fn_traits)]
-#![feature(unsized_fn_params)] // this is fine because I am PURELY wrapping around existing `Fn*` traits
-// global lints
-#![allow(internal_features)]
-#![allow(clippy::arbitrary_source_item_ordering)]
-
-use fn_pipe_proc::impl_fn_pipe_for_tuple;
-use std::marker::Tuple;
-
-/// A trait representing a pipe of functions, where the output of one will
-/// be fed as the input of another, until the entire pipe ran
-pub trait FnPipe<Args: Tuple>: FnMutPipe<Args> {
-    extern "rust-call" fn run(&self, args: Args) -> Self::Output;
-}
-
-pub trait FnMutPipe<Args: Tuple>: FnOncePipe<Args> {
-    extern "rust-call" fn run_mut(&mut self, args: Args) -> Self::Output;
-}
-
-pub trait FnOncePipe<Args: Tuple> {
-    type Output;
-
-    extern "rust-call" fn run_once(self, args: Args) -> Self::Output;
-}
-
-// implement `Fn/Pipe*` variants for tuples of upto length 26,
-// can be increased in the future
-impl_fn_pipe_for_tuple!(26usize);
diff --git a/rust/util/src/lib.rs b/rust/util/src/lib.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index 5c34786c..00000000
--- a/rust/util/src/lib.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,53 +0,0 @@
-//! TODO: crate documentation
-//!
-//! this is here as a placeholder documentation
-//!
-//!
-
-// enable Rust-unstable features for convenience
-#![feature(trait_alias)]
-#![feature(stmt_expr_attributes)]
-#![feature(type_alias_impl_trait)]
-#![feature(specialization)]
-#![feature(unboxed_closures)]
-#![feature(const_trait_impl)]
-#![feature(fn_traits)]
-
-pub mod nonempty;
-
-pub(crate) mod private {
-    // sealed traits support
-    pub trait Sealed {}
-    impl<T: ?Sized> Sealed for T {}
-}
-
-/// Namespace for all the type/trait aliases used by this crate.
-pub(crate) mod alias {
-}
-
-/// Namespace for crate-wide extension traits/methods
-pub mod ext {
-    use extend::ext;
-
-    #[ext(pub, name = BoxedSliceExt)]
-    impl<T> Box<[T]> {
-        #[inline]
-        fn map<B, F>(self, f: F) -> Box<[B]>
-        where
-            F: FnMut(T) -> B,
-        {
-            self.into_iter().map(f).collect()
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[ext(pub, name = VecExt)]
-    impl<T> Vec<T> {
-        #[inline]
-        fn map<B, F>(self, f: F) -> Vec<B>
-        where
-            F: FnMut(T) -> B,
-        {
-            self.into_iter().map(f).collect()
-        }
-    }
-}
diff --git a/rust/util/src/nonempty.rs b/rust/util/src/nonempty.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index acfcf971..00000000
--- a/rust/util/src/nonempty.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,145 +0,0 @@
-use fn_pipe::FnMutPipe;
-use std::slice::SliceIndex;
-use std::{ops, slice};
-use thiserror::Error;
-
-#[derive(Error, Debug)]
-#[error("Cannot create to `NonemptyArray` because the supplied slice is empty")]
-pub struct EmptySliceError;
-
-/// A pointer to a non-empty fixed-size slice allocated on the heap.
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, PartialOrd, Ord)]
-#[repr(transparent)]
-pub struct NonemptyArray<T>(Box<[T]>);
-
-#[allow(clippy::arbitrary_source_item_ordering)]
-impl<T> NonemptyArray<T> {
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn singleton(value: T) -> Self {
-        Self(Box::new([value]))
-    }
-
-    #[allow(clippy::missing_errors_doc)]
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn try_from_boxed_slice<S: Into<Box<[T]>>>(
-        boxed_slice: S,
-    ) -> Result<Self, EmptySliceError> {
-        let boxed_slice = boxed_slice.into();
-        if boxed_slice.is_empty() {
-            Err(EmptySliceError)
-        } else {
-            Ok(Self(boxed_slice))
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[must_use]
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn into_boxed_slice(self) -> Box<[T]> {
-        self.0
-    }
-
-    #[must_use]
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn to_vec(&self) -> Vec<T>
-    where
-        T: Clone,
-    {
-        self.0.to_vec()
-    }
-
-    #[must_use]
-    #[inline]
-    pub const fn as_slice(&self) -> &[T] {
-        &self.0
-    }
-
-    #[allow(clippy::indexing_slicing)]
-    #[must_use]
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn first(&self) -> &T {
-        &self.0[0]
-    }
-
-    #[allow(clippy::indexing_slicing, clippy::arithmetic_side_effects)]
-    #[must_use]
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn last(&self) -> &T {
-        &self.0[self.0.len() - 1]
-    }
-
-    #[must_use]
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn get<I>(&self, index: I) -> Option<&I::Output>
-    where
-        I: SliceIndex<[T]>,
-    {
-        self.0.get(index)
-    }
-
-    #[allow(clippy::len_without_is_empty)]
-    #[must_use]
-    #[inline]
-    pub const fn len(&self) -> usize {
-        self.0.len()
-    }
-
-    #[allow(clippy::iter_without_into_iter)]
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn iter(&self) -> slice::Iter<'_, T> {
-        self.0.iter()
-    }
-
-    #[allow(clippy::iter_without_into_iter)]
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn iter_mut(&mut self) -> slice::IterMut<'_, T> {
-        self.0.iter_mut()
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn map<U, F: FnMut(T) -> U>(self, f: F) -> NonemptyArray<U> {
-        NonemptyArray(self.0.into_iter().map(f).collect())
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn pipe<U, P: FnMutPipe(T) -> U>(self, mut p: P) -> NonemptyArray<U> {
-        self.map(|x| p.run_mut((x,)))
-    }
-}
-
-impl<T> From<NonemptyArray<T>> for Box<[T]> {
-    #[inline]
-    fn from(value: NonemptyArray<T>) -> Self {
-        value.into_boxed_slice()
-    }
-}
-
-impl<T> ops::Index<usize> for NonemptyArray<T> {
-    type Output = T;
-
-    #[inline]
-    fn index(&self, index: usize) -> &Self::Output {
-        self.0.index(index)
-    }
-}
-
-impl<T> IntoIterator for NonemptyArray<T> {
-    type Item = T;
-    type IntoIter = std::vec::IntoIter<T>;
-
-    #[inline]
-    fn into_iter(self) -> Self::IntoIter {
-        self.into_boxed_slice().into_vec().into_iter()
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'a, T> IntoIterator for &'a NonemptyArray<T> {
-    type Item = &'a T;
-    type IntoIter = slice::Iter<'a, T>;
-
-    #[inline]
-    fn into_iter(self) -> Self::IntoIter {
-        self.iter()
-    }
-}
diff --git a/shared/pyproject.toml b/shared/pyproject.toml
index 05d3ff74..6df028ca 100644
--- a/shared/pyproject.toml
+++ b/shared/pyproject.toml
@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@ dependencies = [
     "sqlmodel>=0.0.22",
     "sqlalchemy[asyncio]>=2.0.0",
     "greenlet>=3.2.3",
+    "cryptography>=44.0.0",
+    "base58>=2.1.1",
 ]
 
 [build-system]
diff --git a/shared/types/common.py b/shared/types/common.py
index a5e441a3..ce83d118 100644
--- a/shared/types/common.py
+++ b/shared/types/common.py
@@ -41,3 +41,4 @@ class Host(BaseModel):
         if not (0 <= v <= 65535):
             raise ValueError("Port must be between 0 and 65535")
         return v
+
diff --git a/shared/utils.py b/shared/utils.py
index 9cdb22cb..ee3f6cc5 100644
--- a/shared/utils.py
+++ b/shared/utils.py
@@ -1,40 +1,228 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+import hashlib
 import logging
 import os
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Any, Type
+from typing import Any, Type, final
 
-from exo_pyo3_bindings import Keypair
+import base58
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import serialization
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric import ed25519
 from filelock import FileLock
 
 from shared.constants import EXO_NODE_ID_KEYPAIR
 
 
+@final
+class PeerId:
+    """
+    A libp2p peer identifier derived from a cryptographic public key.
+    Compatible with py-libp2p's PeerID interface.
+    """
+    
+    def __init__(self, peer_id_bytes: bytes) -> None:
+        self._bytes = peer_id_bytes
+    
+    @staticmethod
+    def from_bytes(data: bytes) -> "PeerId":
+        """Create PeerId from raw bytes."""
+        return PeerId(data)
+    
+    @staticmethod
+    def from_public_key(public_key_bytes: bytes) -> "PeerId":
+        """Create PeerId from a public key by hashing it."""
+        # For Ed25519 keys, libp2p uses the identity hash (no hashing) for keys <= 42 bytes
+        # Since Ed25519 public keys are 32 bytes, we use identity hash
+        if len(public_key_bytes) <= 42:
+            return PeerId(public_key_bytes)
+        else:
+            # For larger keys, use SHA-256
+            hash_digest = hashlib.sha256(public_key_bytes).digest()
+            return PeerId(hash_digest)
+    
+    def to_bytes(self) -> bytes:
+        """Return the raw bytes of this PeerId."""
+        return self._bytes
+    
+    def to_base58(self) -> str:
+        """Return the base58-encoded string representation."""
+        return base58.b58encode(self._bytes).decode('ascii')
+    
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        """Return the base58-encoded string representation."""
+        return self.to_base58()
+    
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        """Return debug representation."""
+        return f"PeerId('{self.to_base58()}')"
+    
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
+        """Check equality with another PeerId."""
+        if not isinstance(other, PeerId):
+            return False
+        return self._bytes == other._bytes
+    
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        """Make PeerId hashable."""
+        return hash(self._bytes)
+
+
+@final  
+class Keypair:
+    """
+    A py-libp2p compatible keypair implementation.
+    Provides the same interface as py-libp2p's KeyPair.
+    """
+    
+    def __init__(self, private_key: ed25519.Ed25519PrivateKey) -> None:
+        self._private_key = private_key
+        self._public_key = private_key.public_key()
+    
+    @staticmethod
+    def generate_ed25519() -> "Keypair":
+        """Generate a new Ed25519 keypair."""
+        private_key = ed25519.Ed25519PrivateKey.generate()
+        return Keypair(private_key)
+    
+    @staticmethod
+    def from_protobuf_encoding(data: bytes) -> "Keypair":
+        """
+        Deserialize a keypair from libp2p protobuf encoding.
+        Compatible with py-libp2p's serialization format.
+        """
+        if len(data) < 2:
+            raise ValueError("Invalid protobuf data: too short")
+        
+        # Simple protobuf parsing for our specific use case
+        # We expect: field 1 (type) as varint, field 2 (data) as bytes
+        offset = 0
+        
+        # Parse type field (field tag 1, wire type 0 = varint)
+        if data[offset] != 0x08:  # field 1, varint
+            raise ValueError("Expected type field")
+        offset += 1
+        
+        key_type = data[offset]
+        offset += 1
+        
+        if key_type != 1:  # Ed25519
+            raise ValueError(f"Unsupported key type: {key_type}")
+        
+        # Parse data field (field tag 2, wire type 2 = length-delimited)
+        if offset >= len(data) or data[offset] != 0x12:  # field 2, bytes
+            raise ValueError("Expected data field")
+        offset += 1
+        
+        # Parse length
+        data_length = data[offset]
+        offset += 1
+        
+        if data_length not in (32, 64):
+            raise ValueError(f"Invalid Ed25519 private key length: {data_length}")
+        
+        if offset + data_length > len(data):
+            raise ValueError("Truncated private key data")
+        
+        key_data = data[offset:offset + data_length]
+        
+        try:
+            if data_length == 64:
+                # libp2p format: 32 bytes private key seed + 32 bytes public key
+                private_key_seed = key_data[:32]
+                private_key = ed25519.Ed25519PrivateKey.from_private_bytes(private_key_seed)
+            else:
+                # Raw 32-byte private key
+                private_key = ed25519.Ed25519PrivateKey.from_private_bytes(key_data)
+            
+            return Keypair(private_key)
+        except Exception as e:
+            raise ValueError(f"Invalid Ed25519 private key: {e}") from e
+    
+    def to_protobuf_encoding(self) -> bytes:
+        """
+        Serialize this keypair to libp2p protobuf encoding.
+        Compatible with py-libp2p's serialization format.
+        """
+        private_key_bytes = self._private_key.private_bytes(
+            encoding=serialization.Encoding.Raw,
+            format=serialization.PrivateFormat.Raw,
+            encryption_algorithm=serialization.NoEncryption()
+        )
+        
+        public_key_bytes = self._public_key.public_bytes(
+            encoding=serialization.Encoding.Raw,
+            format=serialization.PublicFormat.Raw
+        )
+        
+        # libp2p Ed25519 format: private key seed (32) + public key (32)
+        combined_key_data = private_key_bytes + public_key_bytes
+        
+        # Build protobuf manually for our simple case
+        # Field 1 (type): tag=0x08, value=1 (Ed25519)
+        # Field 2 (data): tag=0x12, length=64, data=combined_key_data
+        result = bytearray()
+        result.extend([0x08, 0x01])  # field 1: type = 1 (Ed25519)
+        result.extend([0x12, 0x40])  # field 2: length = 64 bytes
+        result.extend(combined_key_data)
+        
+        return bytes(result)
+    
+    def to_peer_id(self) -> PeerId:
+        """Generate a PeerId from this keypair's public key."""
+        public_key_bytes = self._public_key.public_bytes(
+            encoding=serialization.Encoding.Raw,
+            format=serialization.PublicFormat.Raw
+        )
+        return PeerId.from_public_key(public_key_bytes)
+    
+    def sign(self, data: bytes) -> bytes:
+        """Sign data with this keypair's private key."""
+        return self._private_key.sign(data)
+    
+    def verify(self, data: bytes, signature: bytes) -> bool:
+        """Verify a signature against data using this keypair's public key."""
+        try:
+            self._public_key.verify(signature, data)
+            return True
+        except Exception:
+            return False
+    
+    @property
+    def public_key_bytes(self) -> bytes:
+        """Get the raw public key bytes."""
+        return self._public_key.public_bytes(
+            encoding=serialization.Encoding.Raw,
+            format=serialization.PublicFormat.Raw
+        )
+    
+    @property  
+    def private_key_bytes(self) -> bytes:
+        """Get the raw private key bytes."""
+        return self._private_key.private_bytes(
+            encoding=serialization.Encoding.Raw,
+            format=serialization.PrivateFormat.Raw,
+            encryption_algorithm=serialization.NoEncryption()
+        )
+
+    # py-libp2p compatibility properties
+    @property
+    def private_key(self) -> ed25519.Ed25519PrivateKey:
+        """Access to the underlying private key for py-libp2p compatibility."""
+        return self._private_key
+    
+    @property
+    def public_key(self) -> ed25519.Ed25519PublicKey:
+        """Access to the underlying public key for py-libp2p compatibility."""
+        return self._public_key
+
+
 def ensure_type[T](obj: Any, expected_type: Type[T]) -> T:  # type: ignore
     if not isinstance(obj, expected_type):
         raise TypeError(f"Expected {expected_type}, got {type(obj)}")  # type: ignore
     return obj
 
 
-# def make_async_iter[T]():
-#     """
-#     Creates a pair `<async-iter>, <put-to-iter>` of an asynchronous iterator
-#     and a synchronous function to put items into that iterator.
-#     """
-#
-#     loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
-#     queue: asyncio.Queue[T] = asyncio.Queue()
-#
-#     def put(c: ConnectionUpdate) -> None:
-#         loop.call_soon_threadsafe(queue.put_nowait, (c,))
-#
-#     async def get():
-#         while True:
-#             yield await queue.get()
-#
-#     return get(), put
-
 def get_node_id_keypair(path: str | bytes | os.PathLike[str] | os.PathLike[bytes] = EXO_NODE_ID_KEYPAIR) -> Keypair:
     """
     Obtains the :class:`Keypair` associated with this node-ID.
@@ -54,11 +242,11 @@ def get_node_id_keypair(path: str | bytes | os.PathLike[str] | os.PathLike[bytes
 
                 try:  # if decoded successfully, save & return
                     return Keypair.from_protobuf_encoding(protobuf_encoded)
-                except RuntimeError as e:  # on runtime error, assume corrupt file
-                    logging.warning(f"Encountered runtime error when trying to get keypair: {e}")
+                except ValueError as e:  # on runtime error, assume corrupt file
+                    logging.warning(f"Encountered error when trying to get keypair: {e}")
 
         # if no valid credentials, create new ones and persist
         with open(path, 'w+b') as f:
             keypair = Keypair.generate_ed25519()
             f.write(keypair.to_protobuf_encoding())
-            return keypair
+            return keypair
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/uv.lock b/uv.lock
index d771b989..6fedd8aa 100644
--- a/uv.lock
+++ b/uv.lock
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ members = [
     "exo",
     "exo-engine-mlx",
     "exo-master",
-    "exo-pyo3-bindings",
     "exo-shared",
     "exo-worker",
 ]
@@ -125,6 +124,15 @@ wheels = [
     { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/77/06/bb80f5f86020c4551da315d78b3ab75e8228f89f0162f2c3a819e407941a/attrs-25.3.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:427318ce031701fea540783410126f03899a97ffc6f61596ad581ac2e40e3bc3", size = 63815, upload-time = "2025-03-13T11:10:21.14Z" },
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "base58"
+version = "2.1.1"
+source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/7f/45/8ae61209bb9015f516102fa559a2914178da1d5868428bd86a1b4421141d/base58-2.1.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:c5d0cb3f5b6e81e8e35da5754388ddcc6d0d14b6c6a132cb93d69ed580a7278c", size = 6528, upload-time = "2021-10-30T22:12:17.858Z" }
+wheels = [
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/4a/45/ec96b29162a402fc4c1c5512d114d7b3787b9d1c2ec241d9568b4816ee23/base58-2.1.1-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:11a36f4d3ce51dfc1043f3218591ac4eb1ceb172919cebe05b52a5bcc8d245c2", size = 5621, upload-time = "2021-10-30T22:12:16.658Z" },
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "certifi"
 version = "2025.7.14"
@@ -134,6 +142,26 @@ wheels = [
     { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/4f/52/34c6cf5bb9285074dc3531c437b3919e825d976fde097a7a73f79e726d03/certifi-2025.7.14-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:6b31f564a415d79ee77df69d757bb49a5bb53bd9f756cbbe24394ffd6fc1f4b2", size = 162722, upload-time = "2025-07-14T03:29:26.863Z" },
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "cffi"
+version = "1.17.1"
+source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
+dependencies = [
+    { name = "pycparser", marker = "sys_platform == 'darwin' or sys_platform == 'linux'" },
+]
+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/fc/97/c783634659c2920c3fc70419e3af40972dbaf758daa229a7d6ea6135c90d/cffi-1.17.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:1c39c6016c32bc48dd54561950ebd6836e1670f2ae46128f67cf49e789c52824", size = 516621, upload-time = "2024-09-04T20:45:21.852Z" }
+wheels = [
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/8d/f8/dd6c246b148639254dad4d6803eb6a54e8c85c6e11ec9df2cffa87571dbe/cffi-1.17.1-cp313-cp313-macosx_10_13_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:f3a2b4222ce6b60e2e8b337bb9596923045681d71e5a082783484d845390938e", size = 182989, upload-time = "2024-09-04T20:44:28.956Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/8b/f1/672d303ddf17c24fc83afd712316fda78dc6fce1cd53011b839483e1ecc8/cffi-1.17.1-cp313-cp313-macosx_11_0_arm64.whl", hash = "sha256:0984a4925a435b1da406122d4d7968dd861c1385afe3b45ba82b750f229811e2", size = 178802, upload-time = "2024-09-04T20:44:30.289Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/0e/2d/eab2e858a91fdff70533cab61dcff4a1f55ec60425832ddfdc9cd36bc8af/cffi-1.17.1-cp313-cp313-manylinux_2_12_i686.manylinux2010_i686.manylinux_2_17_i686.manylinux2014_i686.whl", hash = "sha256:d01b12eeeb4427d3110de311e1774046ad344f5b1a7403101878976ecd7a10f3", size = 454792, upload-time = "2024-09-04T20:44:32.01Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/75/b2/fbaec7c4455c604e29388d55599b99ebcc250a60050610fadde58932b7ee/cffi-1.17.1-cp313-cp313-manylinux_2_17_aarch64.manylinux2014_aarch64.whl", hash = "sha256:706510fe141c86a69c8ddc029c7910003a17353970cff3b904ff0686a5927683", size = 478893, upload-time = "2024-09-04T20:44:33.606Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/4f/b7/6e4a2162178bf1935c336d4da8a9352cccab4d3a5d7914065490f08c0690/cffi-1.17.1-cp313-cp313-manylinux_2_17_ppc64le.manylinux2014_ppc64le.whl", hash = "sha256:de55b766c7aa2e2a3092c51e0483d700341182f08e67c63630d5b6f200bb28e5", size = 485810, upload-time = "2024-09-04T20:44:35.191Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/c7/8a/1d0e4a9c26e54746dc08c2c6c037889124d4f59dffd853a659fa545f1b40/cffi-1.17.1-cp313-cp313-manylinux_2_17_s390x.manylinux2014_s390x.whl", hash = "sha256:c59d6e989d07460165cc5ad3c61f9fd8f1b4796eacbd81cee78957842b834af4", size = 471200, upload-time = "2024-09-04T20:44:36.743Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/26/9f/1aab65a6c0db35f43c4d1b4f580e8df53914310afc10ae0397d29d697af4/cffi-1.17.1-cp313-cp313-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:dd398dbc6773384a17fe0d3e7eeb8d1a21c2200473ee6806bb5e6a8e62bb73dd", size = 479447, upload-time = "2024-09-04T20:44:38.492Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/5f/e4/fb8b3dd8dc0e98edf1135ff067ae070bb32ef9d509d6cb0f538cd6f7483f/cffi-1.17.1-cp313-cp313-musllinux_1_1_aarch64.whl", hash = "sha256:3edc8d958eb099c634dace3c7e16560ae474aa3803a5df240542b305d14e14ed", size = 484358, upload-time = "2024-09-04T20:44:40.046Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/f1/47/d7145bf2dc04684935d57d67dff9d6d795b2ba2796806bb109864be3a151/cffi-1.17.1-cp313-cp313-musllinux_1_1_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:72e72408cad3d5419375fc87d289076ee319835bdfa2caad331e377589aebba9", size = 488469, upload-time = "2024-09-04T20:44:41.616Z" },
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "charset-normalizer"
 version = "3.4.2"
@@ -163,6 +191,37 @@ wheels = [
     { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/85/32/10bb5764d90a8eee674e9dc6f4db6a0ab47c8c4d0d83c27f7c39ac415a4d/click-8.2.1-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:61a3265b914e850b85317d0b3109c7f8cd35a670f963866005d6ef1d5175a12b", size = 102215, upload-time = "2025-05-20T23:19:47.796Z" },
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "cryptography"
+version = "45.0.5"
+source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
+dependencies = [
+    { name = "cffi", marker = "(platform_python_implementation != 'PyPy' and sys_platform == 'darwin') or (platform_python_implementation != 'PyPy' and sys_platform == 'linux')" },
+]
+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/95/1e/49527ac611af559665f71cbb8f92b332b5ec9c6fbc4e88b0f8e92f5e85df/cryptography-45.0.5.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:72e76caa004ab63accdf26023fccd1d087f6d90ec6048ff33ad0445abf7f605a", size = 744903, upload-time = "2025-07-02T13:06:25.941Z" }
+wheels = [
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+
 [[package]]
 name = "distro"
 version = "1.9.0"
@@ -179,6 +238,8 @@ source = { editable = "." }
 dependencies = [
     { name = "aiofiles", marker = "sys_platform == 'darwin' or sys_platform == 'linux'" },
     { name = "aiohttp", marker = "sys_platform == 'darwin' or sys_platform == 'linux'" },
+    { name = "base58", marker = "sys_platform == 'darwin' or sys_platform == 'linux'" },
+    { name = "cryptography", marker = "sys_platform == 'darwin' or sys_platform == 'linux'" },
     { name = "exo-master", marker = "sys_platform == 'darwin' or sys_platform == 'linux'" },
     { name = "exo-worker", marker = "sys_platform == 'darwin' or sys_platform == 'linux'" },
     { name = "pydantic", marker = "sys_platform == 'darwin' or sys_platform == 'linux'" },
@@ -193,7 +254,6 @@ darwin = [
 
 [package.dev-dependencies]
 dev = [
-    { name = "maturin", marker = "sys_platform == 'darwin' or sys_platform == 'linux'" },
     { name = "pytest", marker = "sys_platform == 'darwin' or sys_platform == 'linux'" },
     { name = "pytest-asyncio", marker = "sys_platform == 'darwin' or sys_platform == 'linux'" },
     { name = "ruff", marker = "sys_platform == 'darwin' or sys_platform == 'linux'" },
@@ -203,6 +263,8 @@ dev = [
 requires-dist = [
     { name = "aiofiles", specifier = ">=24.1.0" },
     { name = "aiohttp", specifier = ">=3.12.14" },
+    { name = "base58", specifier = ">=2.1.1" },
+    { name = "cryptography", specifier = ">=45.0.5" },
     { name = "exo-master", editable = "master" },
     { name = "exo-worker", editable = "worker" },
     { name = "mlx", marker = "extra == 'darwin'" },
@@ -214,7 +276,6 @@ provides-extras = ["darwin"]
 
 [package.metadata.requires-dev]
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     { name = "pytest", specifier = ">=8.4.0" },
     { name = "pytest-asyncio", specifier = ">=1.0.0" },
     { name = "ruff", specifier = ">=0.11.13" },
@@ -242,33 +303,14 @@ requires-dist = [
     { name = "uvicorn", specifier = ">=0.35.0" },
 ]
 
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-name = "exo-pyo3-bindings"
-version = "0.1.0"
-source = { editable = "rust/exo_pyo3_bindings" }
-
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-    { name = "pytest", marker = "sys_platform == 'darwin' or sys_platform == 'linux'" },
-    { name = "pytest-asyncio", marker = "sys_platform == 'darwin' or sys_platform == 'linux'" },
-]
-
-[package.metadata]
-
-[package.metadata.requires-dev]
-dev = [
-    { name = "exo-pyo3-bindings", editable = "rust/exo_pyo3_bindings" },
-    { name = "pytest", specifier = ">=8.4.0" },
-    { name = "pytest-asyncio", specifier = ">=1.0.0" },
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "exo-shared"
 version = "0.1.0"
 source = { editable = "shared" }
 dependencies = [
     { name = "aiosqlite", marker = "sys_platform == 'darwin' or sys_platform == 'linux'" },
+    { name = "base58", marker = "sys_platform == 'darwin' or sys_platform == 'linux'" },
+    { name = "cryptography", marker = "sys_platform == 'darwin' or sys_platform == 'linux'" },
     { name = "filelock", marker = "sys_platform == 'darwin' or sys_platform == 'linux'" },
     { name = "greenlet", marker = "sys_platform == 'darwin' or sys_platform == 'linux'" },
     { name = "networkx", marker = "sys_platform == 'darwin' or sys_platform == 'linux'" },
@@ -292,6 +334,8 @@ dev = [
 [package.metadata]
 requires-dist = [
     { name = "aiosqlite", specifier = ">=0.20.0" },
+    { name = "base58", specifier = ">=2.1.1" },
+    { name = "cryptography", specifier = ">=44.0.0" },
     { name = "filelock", specifier = ">=3.18.0" },
     { name = "greenlet", specifier = ">=3.2.3" },
     { name = "networkx", specifier = ">=3.5" },
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+
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 name = "pydantic"
 version = "2.11.7"

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